mb-gdb调试Linux kernel 入门指导

http://www.eefocus.com/yq000cn/blog/11-10/233600_ab9bd.html

Author:KiKi

Email :

Date: 2011.10.28

 

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近日在Digilent Nexys3板卡做一些入门级的嵌入式Linux开发，第一个吃螃蟹的人，那少不了碰壁，有效的debug工具确实是一把利器。

忙忙碌碌，没有太多时间和心思去写一篇完整的Blog，于是将开发中写的一份Howto文档直接拿来。

希望对于那些望 “嵌入式Linux，FPGA，SOPC等概念”而却步的人有所帮助。一定要Hold得住！

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时间：2011.10.07
版本：v0.0
说明：该文档是关于如何使用mb-gdb命令进行内核调试的入门介绍

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--常用命令描述
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    load [program]        Load the program into the target.
    b main                Set a breakpoint in function main.
    c                    Continue after a breakpoint.
    l                    View a listing of the program.
    n                    Step one line (stepping over function calls).
    s                    Step one line (stepping into function calls).
    stepi                Step one assembly line.
    info reg              View register values.
    p xyz                Print the value of xyz data.
    hbreak main            Set Hardware breakpoint in function main.
    watch gvar1            Set Watchpoint on Global Variable gvar1.
    rwatch gvar1        Set Read Watchpoint on Global Variable gvar1.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--如何使用mb-gdb调试内核
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. 通过XMD命令下载内核镜像
    打开EDK Shell终端
    $xmd                            #打开xmd调试终端
    XMD% connect mb mdm                #初始化JTAG链
    XMD% dow simpleImage.xilinx        #下载内核

2. 内核下载完成后打开gdb终端
    打开另一个EDK Shell终端
    $cd               #进入内核源代码该目录
   
    V:\kernel_source\linux-2.6.37-xlnx>mb-gdb vmlinux
        GNU gdb 6.5
        Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
        GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
        welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
        Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
        There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for details.
        This GDB was configured as "--host=i386-mingw32 --target=microblaze-xilinx-elf"...
    (gdb) target remote localhost:1234                #进入内核调试
        Remote debugging using localhost:1234
        _text () at arch/microblaze/kernel/head.S:61
        61              mfs     r1, rmsr
        Current language:  auto; currently asm
    (gdb) b mm_init                                    #设置mm_init()函数断点
        Breakpoint 1 at 0x8500fa48: file kernel/fork.c, line 481.
    (gdb) b shced_init                                #设置sched_init()函数断点
        Function "shced_init" not defined.
    (gdb) b sched_init
        Breakpoint 2 at 0x851ab9a8: file kernel/sched.c, line 833.
    (gdb) b time_init                                #设置time_init()函数断点
        Breakpoint 4 at 0x851aa304: file arch/microblaze/kernel/timer.c, line 270.
    (gdb) b 10                                        #设置当前文件第10行为断点
        Breakpoint 5 at 0x85000000: file arch/microblaze/kernel/head.S, line 10.
    (gdb) c                                            #继续运行
        Continuing.

        Breakpoint 2, sched_init () at kernel/sched.c:833
        833             return (u64)sysctl_sched_rt_period * NSEC_PER_USEC;
        Current language:  auto; currently c
    (gdb) p (char*) &__log_buf
        $1 = 0x85283c50 "<5>Linux version 2.6.37 (YaoQ@TechServer) (gcc version 4.1.2 20070214
        (Xilinx 13.1 Build EDK_O.40 7 Jan 2011)) #3 Sat Oct 8 16:31:09 CST 2011\n<6>setup_cpuinfo:
        initialising\n<4>setup_cpuinfo: No PVR su"...
    (gdb) l                                            #打印源代码
        828      */
        829     int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = 950000;
        830
        831     static inline u64 global_rt_period(void)
        832     {
        833             return (u64)sysctl_sched_rt_period * NSEC_PER_USEC;
        834     }
        835
        836     static inline u64 global_rt_runtime(void)
        837     {
    (gdb) c                                            #继续运行
        Continuing.

        Breakpoint 4, time_init () at arch/microblaze/kernel/timer.c:270
        270             for (i = 0; timer_list[i] != NULL; i++) {
    (gdb) n                                            #单步调试
        249     {
    (gdb) n 10
        278             timer_baseaddr = (unsigned long) ioremap(timer_baseaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
    (gdb) l
        273                             break;
        274             }
        275             BUG_ON(!timer);
        276
        277             timer_baseaddr = be32_to_cpup(of_get_property(timer, "reg", NULL));
        278             timer_baseaddr = (unsigned long) ioremap(timer_baseaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
        279             irq = be32_to_cpup(of_get_property(timer, "interrupts", NULL));
        280             timer_num = be32_to_cpup(of_get_property(timer,
        281                                                     "xlnx,one-timer-only", NULL));
        282             if (timer_num) {
    (gdb) p timer                                    #打印timer变量值
        $5 = (struct device_node *) 0x85ffbe80
    (gdb) x timer                                    #打印timer变量值为地址的值
        0x85ffbe80:     0x85ffbff4
    (gdb) x 0x85ffbe80                                #打印0x85ffbe80为地址的值
        0x85ffbe80:     0x85ffbff4
    (gdb) info reg                                    #打印寄存器信息
        r0             0x0      0
        r1             0x85199f8c       0x85199f8c
        r2             0x85196d40       -2061931200
        r3             0x87004000       -2030026752
        r4             0x0      0
        r5             0x87004000       -2030026752
        r6             0x8513b6a0       -2062305632
        r7             0x0      0
        r8             0x85805000       -2055188480
        r9             0x635688c0       1666615488
        r10            0xd0     208
        r11            0x98000000       -1744830464
        r12            0x8000003e       -2147483586
        r13            0x851a53c0       -2061872192
        r14            0x0      0
        r15            0x851aa38c       -2061851764
        . . .
        r31            0x8519d308       -2061905144
        rpc            0x851aa3a0       0x851aa3a0
        rmsr           0x61a0   24992
        rear           0x84fffffc       -2063597572
        resr           0x812    2066
        rfsr           0x0      0
        rbtr           0x851aa394       -2061851756
        rpvr0          0x0      0
        . . .
        rpid           0x0      0
        rzpr           0x10000000       268435456
        rtlbx          0x8000003e       -2147483586
        rtlbsx         0x0      0
        rslr           0x0      0
        rshr           0x0      0
    (gdb) help                                        #帮助命令
        List of classes of commands:

        aliases -- Aliases of other commands
        breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points
        data -- Examining data
        files -- Specifying and examining files
        internals -- Maintenance commands
        obscure -- Obscure features
        running -- Running the program
        stack -- Examining the stack
        status -- Status inquiries
        support -- Support facilities
        tracepoints -- Tracing of program execution without stopping the program
        user-defined -- User-defined commands

        Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of commands in that class.
        Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation.
        Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
    (gdb) help status                                #相关命令的帮助文档
        Status inquiries.

        List of commands:

        info -- Generic command for showing things about the program being debugged
        macro -- Prefix for commands dealing with C preprocessor macros
        show -- Generic command for showing things about the debugger

        Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation.
        Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.

以上记录了在用gdb对内核调试过程中,一些基本命令的使用,更多详细的命令可参考gdb help.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--参考资料
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    1.http://elinux.org/DebuggingTheLinuxKernelUsingGdb
    2.http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx11/platform_studio/ps_r_dbg_gdb_command_reference.htm
    3.http://www.xilinx.com/itp/xilinx10/help/platform_studio/ps_p_dbg_debugging_programs_gdb.htm