mysql函数

目录

聚合函数

group_concat()

数学函数

字符串函数

日期函数

控制流函数

case_when函数

窗口函数

序号函数

开窗聚合函数-sum,avg,min,max

分布函数-cume_dist()和persent_rank

前后函数-lag和lead

头尾函数-first_value和last_value

其他函数-nth_value(expr,n)、ntile(n)

---

聚合函数

group_concat()

-- 将所有员工的名字合并成一行 
select group_concat(emp_name) from emp;

-- 指定分隔符合并 
select department,group_concat(emp_name separator ';' ) from emp group by department; 

-- 指定排序方式和分隔符 

select department,group_concat(emp_name order by salary desc separator ';' ) from emp group by department;

数学函数

字符串函数

日期函数

控制流函数

case_when函数

-- 方式1
select 
*  ,
case 
  when payType=1 then '微信支付' 
    when payType=2 then '支付宝支付' 
    when payType=3 then '银行卡支付' 
    else '其他支付方式' 
end  as payTypeStr
from orders;
-- 方式2
select 
*  ,
case payType
  when 1 then '微信支付' 
    when 2 then '支付宝支付' 
    when 3 then '银行卡支付' 
    else '其他支付方式' 
end  as payTypeStr
from orders;

窗口函数

序号函数

-- 对每个部门的员工按照薪资排序，并给出排名
select 
dname,
ename,
salary,
row_number() over(partition by dname order by salary desc) as rn 
from employee;

-- 对每个部门的员工按照薪资排序，并给出排名 rank
select 
dname,
ename,
salary,
rank() over(partition by dname order by salary desc) as rn 
from employee;

-- 对每个部门的员工按照薪资排序，并给出排名 dense-rank
select 
dname,
ename,
salary,
dense_rank() over(partition by dname order by salary desc) as rn 
from employee;

--求出每个部门薪资排在前三名的员工- 分组求TOPN
select 
* 
from 
(
    select 
     dname,
     ename,
     salary,
     dense_rank() over(partition by dname order by salary desc)  as rn
    from employee
)t
where t.rn <= 3

-- 对所有员工进行全局排序（不分组）
-- 不加partition by表示全局排序
select 
     dname,
     ename,
     salary,
     dense_rank() over( order by salary desc)  as rn
from employee;

开窗聚合函数-sum,avg,min,max

select  
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 sum(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as pv1 
from employee;
 
select cookieid,createtime,pv,
sum(pv) over(partition by cookieid) as pv3
from itcast_t1;  -- 如果没有order  by排序语句  默认把分组内的所有数据进行sum操作

select  
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 sum(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate  rows between unbounded preceding and current row) as c1 
from employee;
 
select  
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 sum(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate   rows between 3 preceding and current row) as c1 
from employee;

select  
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 sum(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate   rows between 3 preceding and 1 following) as c1 
from employee;

select  
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 sum(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate   rows between current row and unbounded following) as c1 
from employee;

分布函数-cume_dist()和persent_rank

/*
rn1: 没有partition,所有数据均为1组，总行数为12，
     第一行：小于等于3000的行数为3，因此，3/12=0.25
     第二行：小于等于4000的行数为5，因此，5/12=0.4166666666666667
rn2: 按照部门分组，dname='研发部'的行数为6,
     第一行：研发部小于等于3000的行数为1，因此，1/6=0.16666666666666666
*/

select  
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 cume_dist() over(order by salary) as rn1, -- 没有partition语句 所有的数据位于一组
 cume_dist() over(partition by dept order by salary) as rn2 
from employee;


/*
 rn2:
  第一行: (1 - 1) / (6 - 1) = 0
  第二行: (1 - 1) / (6 - 1) = 0
  第三行: (3 - 1) / (6 - 1) = 0.4
*/
select 
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 rank() over(partition by dname order by salary desc ) as rn,
 percent_rank() over(partition by dname order by salary desc ) as rn2
from employee;

前后函数-lag和lead

-- lag的用法
/*
last_1_time: 指定了往上第1行的值，default为'2000-01-01'  
                         第一行，往上1行为null,因此取默认值 '2000-01-01'
                         第二行，往上1行值为第一行值，2021-11-01 
                         第三行，往上1行值为第二行值，2021-11-02 
last_2_time: 指定了往上第2行的值，为指定默认值
                         第一行，往上2行为null
                         第二行，往上2行为null
                         第四行，往上2行为第二行值，2021-11-01 
                         第七行，往上2行为第五行值，2021-11-02 
*/

select 
 dname,
 ename,
 hiredate,
 salary,
 lag(hiredate,1,'2000-01-01') over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_1_time,
 lag(hiredate,2) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_2_time 
from employee;

-- lead的用法
select 
 dname,
 ename,
 hiredate,
 salary,
 lead(hiredate,1,'2000-01-01') over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_1_time,
 lead(hiredate,2) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_2_time 
from employee;

头尾函数-first_value和last_value

-- 注意,  如果不指定ORDER BY，则进行排序混乱，会出现错误的结果
select
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
  first_value(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as first,
  last_value(salary) over(partition by dname order by  hiredate) as last 
from  employee;

其他函数-nth_value(expr,n)、ntile(n)

-- 查询每个部门截止目前薪资排在第二和第三的员工信息
select 
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
  nth_value(salary,2) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as second_score,
  nth_value(salary,3) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as third_score
from employee

-- 根据入职日期将每个部门的员工分成3组
select 
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
ntile(3) over(partition by dname order by  hiredate  ) as rn 
from employee;

-- 取出每个部门的第一组员工
select
*
from
(
    SELECT 
        dname,
        ename,
        hiredate,
        salary,
    NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY dname ORDER BY  hiredate  ) AS rn 
    FROM employee
)t
where t.rn = 1;