select与多进程/多线程服务器进行对比
优点
1)不需要建立多个线程、进程就可以实现一对多的通信。
2)可以同时等待多个文件描述符,效率比起多进程多线程来说要高很多。
3)select()的可移植性更好,在某些Unix系统上不支持poll()
4)select() 对于超时值提供了更好的精度:微秒,而poll是毫秒
缺点
1)每次调用select,都需要把fd集合从用户态拷贝到内核态,这个开销在fd很多时会很大 ,循环次数有点多;
2)同时每次调用select都需要在内核遍历传递进来的所有fd,这个开销在fd很多时也很大 。
3)select支持的文件描述符数量太小了,默认是1024;
select 整体实现:
/*************************************************************************
> File Name: select.c
> Author:Steve
> Mail:caoliang2025@foxmail.com
> Created Time: Tue 01 Aug 2017 09:50:09 AM PDT
************************************************************************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/select.h>
#include<sys/time.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#define SIZE sizeof(fd_set)*8
//select
void Usage(char* proc)
{
printf("Usage:%s[local ip][local port]\n",proc);
}
int startUp(char* ip,int port)
{
//create bind listen
//
int sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sock<0)
{
perror("sock");
exit(1);
}
int opt=1;
setsockopt(sock,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&opt,sizeof(opt));
struct sockaddr_in local;
local.sin_family=AF_INET;
local.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(ip);
local.sin_port=htons(port);
if(bind(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&local,sizeof(local))<0)
{
perror("bind");
exit(2);
}
if(listen(sock,10)<0)
{
perror("listen");
exit(3);
}
return sock;
}
int fds[SIZE];
int main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
if(argc!=3)
{
Usage(argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int listen_socket=startUp(argv[1],atoi(argv[2]));
printf("listen_fd is %d\n",listen_socket);
//fd_set rfds;
//FD_SET(listen_socket,&rfds);
int nums=SIZE;
memset(fds,-1,nums);
fds[0]=listen_socket;
while(1)
{
//we need everytime to renew the rfds by fds
int i=0;
int max=-1;
struct timeval timeout={1,0};///1s
fd_set rfds;
FD_ZERO(&rfds);
for(;i<nums;i++)
{
if(fds[i]!=-1)
{
if(max<fds[i])
{
max=fds[i];
}
FD_SET(fds[i],&rfds);
}
}
switch(select(max+1,&rfds,NULL,NULL,NULL))
{
case 0 :
printf("timeout..\n");
break;
case -1:
perror("select");
break;
default:
//at least a fd is ready
for(i=0;i<nums;i++)
{
if(i==0&&FD_ISSET(listen_socket,&rfds))
{
struct sockaddr_in new_client;
socklen_t len=sizeof(new_client);
// we can accept new client
int client_sock=accept(listen_socket,\
(struct sockaddr*)&new_client,&len);
if(client_sock<0)
{
perror("accept:");
continue;
}
printf("get a new client [%s][%d]\n",inet_ntoa(new_client.sin_addr),ntohs(new_client.sin_port));
int i;
for(i=1;i<nums;i++)
{
if(fds[i]==-1)
{
break;
}
}
if(i==nums)
{
printf("fd is full\n");
close(client_sock);
}
else
{
fds[i]=client_sock;
}
continue;
}
else if(i!=0&&FD_ISSET(fds[i],&rfds))
{
//read& write
char buf[1024];
ssize_t s=read(fds[i],buf,sizeof(buf)-1);
if(s>0)
{
buf[s]=0;
printf("client #%s\n",buf);
write(fds[i],buf,strlen(buf));
}else if(s==0)
{
printf("client is quit!\n");
//connection failed
close(fds[i]);
fds[i]=-1;
}
else{
perror("read");
close(fds[i]);
fds[i]=-1;
}
}else{
continue;
}
}
break;
}
}
close(listen_socket);
return 0;
}
/*************************************************************************
> File Name: client.c
> Author:Steve
> Mail:caoliang2025@foxmail.com
> Created Time: Tue 01 Aug 2017 07:54:55 PM PDT
************************************************************************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void Usage(char* proc)
{
printf("Usage:%s[local ip][local port]\n",proc);
}
//client
int main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
if(argc!=3)
{
Usage(argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sock<0)
{
perror("socket");
return 2;
}
struct sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_family=AF_INET;
server.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
server.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));
socklen_t len=sizeof(server);
if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&server,len)<0)
{
perror("connect");
return 3;
}
printf("connect is successfully\n");
char buf[1024];
while(1)
{
memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
printf("Please input:");
fflush(stdout);
ssize_t s=read(0,buf,sizeof(buf)-1);
if(s>0)
{
buf[s-1]=0;
write(sock,buf,strlen(buf));
}
ssize_t _s=read(sock,buf,sizeof(buf)-1);
if(_s>0)
{
buf[_s]=0;
printf("server echo:%s\n",buf);
}
}
return 0;
}