inotify监听文件和目录

监控文件夹A，若文件夹中的B文件发生变化，则执行C命令。Linux下可以通过inotify完成该功能。
1，相关函数
inotify_init() - 创建一个inotify实例

inotify_add_watch(int fd, const char *pathname, uint32_t mask) - 加入文件或目录到inotify进行监测

inotify_rm_watch(int fd, int wd) - 移除一个watcher

2，相关结构

struct inotify_event {

              int      wd;      /* Watch descriptor */

              uint32_t mask;    /* Mask of events */

              uint32_t cookie;  /* Unique cookie associating related

                                    events (for rename(2)) */

              uint32_t len;      /* Size of name field */

              char    name[];  /* Optional null-terminated name */

          };

3，Mask
适用于 inotify_add_watch mask 与 read 返回的inotify_event中mask

IN_ACCESS文件被访问

IN_ATTRIB文件属性发生变化

IN_CLOSE_WRITE以write方式打开文件并关闭

IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE以非write方式打开文件并关闭

IN_CREATE文件或目录被创建

IN_DELETE文件或目录被删除（被监测的文件夹A中B文件被删除）

IN_DELETE_SELF被监测的文件或目录被删除（被监测的文件夹A被删除）

IN_MODIFY文件被修改

IN_MOVE_SELF被监测的文件或目录移动

IN_MOVED_FROM文件移出被监测的目录

IN_MOVED_TO文件移入被监测的目录

IN_OPEN文件被打开

上述flag的集合

IN_ALL_EVENTS以上所有flag的集合

IN_MOVEIN_MOVED_TO|IN_MOVED_FROM

IN_CLOSEIN_CLOSE_WRITE|IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE

不常用的flag

IN_DONT_FOLLOW不follow符号链接 (since 2.6.15)

IN_EXCL_UNLINK当文件从监测目中unlink后，则不再报告该文件的相关event，比如监控/tmp使用 (since 2.6.36)

IN_MASK_ADD追打MASK到被监测的pathname

IN_ONESHOT只监测一次

IN_ONLYDIR只监测目录

仅由read返回

IN_IGNOREDinotify_rm_watch，文件被删除或者文件系统被umount

IN_ISDIR发生事件的是一个目录

IN_Q_OVERFLOWEvent队列溢出

IN_UNMOUNT文件系统unmount

4，例子
用途：监测指定文件或目录（或不指定则为当前目录）的一切动作。

使用：inotify [文件或目录]

#include   

#include   

#include   

#include   

#include   

#include   

#include   



#define ERROR(text) error(1, errno, "%s", text)  



struct EventMask {  

int        flag;  

const char *name;  



};  



int freadsome(void *dest, size_t remain, FILE *file)  

{  

char *offset = (char*)dest;  

while (remain) {  

int n = fread(offset, 1, remain, file);  

if (n == 0) {  

return -1;  

        }  



        remain -= n;  

        offset += n;  

    }  

return 0;  

}  

//http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-inotify/  

//http://www.jiangmiao.org/blog/2179.html  

int main(int argc, char *argv[])  

{  

const char *target;  

if (argc == 1) {  

target =".";  

    }  

else {  

        target = argv[1];  

    }  



struct EventMask event_masks[] = {  

{ IN_ACCESS,"IN_ACCESS" },    

{ IN_ATTRIB,"IN_ATTRIB" },    

{ IN_CLOSE_WRITE,"IN_CLOSE_WRITE" },    

{ IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE,"IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE" },    

{ IN_CREATE,"IN_CREATE" },    

{ IN_DELETE,"IN_DELETE" },    

{ IN_DELETE_SELF,"IN_DELETE_SELF" },    

{ IN_MODIFY,"IN_MODIFY" },    

{ IN_MOVE_SELF,"IN_MOVE_SELF" },    

{ IN_MOVED_FROM,"IN_MOVED_FROM" },    

{ IN_MOVED_TO,"IN_MOVED_TO" },    

{ IN_OPEN,"IN_OPEN" },    



{ IN_DONT_FOLLOW,"IN_DONT_FOLLOW" },    

//{ IN_EXCL_UNLINK, "IN_EXCL_UNLINK" },    

{ IN_MASK_ADD,"IN_MASK_ADD" },    

{ IN_ONESHOT,"IN_ONESHOT" },    

{ IN_ONLYDIR,"IN_ONLYDIR" },    



{ IN_IGNORED,"IN_IGNORED" },    

{ IN_ISDIR,"IN_ISDIR" },    

{ IN_Q_OVERFLOW,"IN_Q_OVERFLOW" },    

{ IN_UNMOUNT,"IN_UNMOUNT" },    

    };  



int monitor = inotify_init();  

if (-1 == monitor) {  

ERROR("monitor");  

    }  



int watcher = inotify_add_watch(monitor, target, IN_ALL_EVENTS);  

if (-1 == watcher) {  

ERROR("inotify_add_watch error");  

    }  



FILE *monitor_file = fdopen(monitor, "r");  

char last_name[1024];  

char name[1024];  



/* event:inotify_event -> name:char[event.len] */  

while (true) {  

struct inotify_event event;  

if (-1 == freadsome(&event, sizeof(event), monitor_file)) {  

ERROR("freadsome error");  

        }  

if (event.len) {  

            freadsome(name, event.len, monitor_file);  

        }  

else {  

sprintf(name,"FD: %d\n", event.wd);  

        }  



if (strcmp(name, last_name) != 0) {  

            puts(name);  

            strcpy(last_name, name);  

        }  



/* 显示event的mask的含义 */  

int i = 0;  

for (i = 0; i < sizeof(event_masks) / sizeof(struct EventMask); ++i) {  

if (event.mask & event_masks[i].flag) {  



printf("\t%s\n", event_masks[i].name);  

            }  

        }  

    }  

return 0;  

}  

下面的例子来源于inotify_tools的示例代码，但是做了一些改进。inotify_tools监视一个目录时，可以得到该目录变化的信息。但是在该目录下，创建一个子目录后，子目录中的变化，inotify_tools不能获取。所以我添加了动态监控目录的代码。

#include 

#include 

#include 

#include 

enum {

ACTION_NULL_WD,

ACTION_ADD_WD,

ACTION_DEL_WD,

};

int main(int argc, const char **argv)

{

int err = 0;

if (!inotifytools_initialize()) {

printf("inotifytools_initialize failedn");

goto error;

}

inotifytools_initialize_stats();

const char *monitor_path = ".";

if (argc > 1) {

monitor_path = argv[1];

}

printf("Monitor dir(%s)n", monitor_path);

if (!inotifytools_watch_recursively(monitor_path, IN_ALL_EVENTS)) {

printf("inotifytools_watch_recursively failedn");

goto error;

}

inotifytools_set_printf_timefmt("%F %T");

struct inotify_event * event = inotifytools_next_event(-1);

char path[256];

while (event) {

inotifytools_printf( event, "%T %w%f %en" );

if (IN_ISDIR&event->mask) {

int action = ACTION_NULL_WD;

if ((IN_DELETE|IN_DELETE_SELF|IN_MOVED_FROM)&event->mask) {

action = ACTION_DEL_WD;

snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%s",

inotifytools_filename_from_wd(event->wd),

event->name);

printf("Remove path(%s) from wdn", path);

} else if (((IN_CREATE|IN_MOVED_TO)&event->mask) && (IN_ISDIR&event->mask)) {

action = ACTION_ADD_WD;

snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%s",

inotifytools_filename_from_wd(event->wd),

event->name);

printf("Add path(%s) into wdn", path);

}

if (ACTION_ADD_WD == action) {

if (!inotifytools_watch_recursively(path, IN_ALL_EVENTS)) {

printf("inotifytools_watch_recursively failedn");

goto error;

}

} else if (ACTION_DEL_WD == action) {

if (!inotifytools_remove_watch_by_wd(event->wd)) {

printf("inotifytools_remove_watch_by_wd failed. event->wd(%d)n", event->wd);

goto error;

}

}

}

event = inotifytools_next_event(-1);

}

printf("Exitn");

return 0;

error:

err = inotifytools_error();

printf("Error(%d)n", err);

return -1;

}