Android 5.X 新特性详解（五）Toolbar和Notification

Toolbar

Toolbar与ActionBar最大的区别就是Toolbar更加自由、可控。这也是Google在逐渐使用Toolbar替换ActionBar的原因，要使用Toolbar必须引入appcompat-v7支持，并设置主题为NoActionBar，因此在styles.xml文件中，使用如下所示代码进行设置。

<style name="AppTheme.NoActionBar" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
    <!-- toolbar颜色 -->
    <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
    <!-- 状态栏颜色 -->
    <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
    <!-- 窗口的背景颜色 -->
    <item name="android:windowBackground">@android:color/white</item>
    <!-- SearchView -->
    <item name="searchViewStyle">@style/MySearchView</item>

</style>

    <style name="MySearchView" parent="Widget.AppCompat.SearchView"/>

菜单配置与ActionBar基本类似，代码如下所示：

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <item
        android:id="@+id/ab_search"
        android:orderInCategory="80"
        android:title="action_search"
        app:actionViewClass="android.support.v7.widget.SearchView"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/action_share"
        android:orderInCategory="90"
        android:title="action_share"
        app:actionProviderClass="android.support.v7.widget.ShareActionProvider"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/action_settings"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="action_settings"
        app:showAsAction="never"/>

</menu>

下面演示Toolbar与DrawerLayout结合使用的例子：

Activity：

public class ToolbarActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Toolbar mToolbar;
    private ShareActionProvider mShareActionProvider;
    private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_toolbar);
        mToolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        // 添加标题和图标
        mToolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
        // 标题的文字需在setSupportActionBar之前，不然会无效
        mToolbar.setTitle("主标题");
        mToolbar.setSubtitle("副标题");
        setSupportActionBar(mToolbar);

        // 将Toolbar与DrawerLayout结合起来，实现android 5.X 中DrawerToggle状态变化的动态效果，
        // 即最左边的Toggle在DrawerLayout滑动时，会从三条横线间变成一个箭头状的图案。
        getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer);
        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this, mDrawerLayout, mToolbar,
                R.string.abc_action_bar_home_description,
                R.string.abc_action_bar_home_description_format);
        mDrawerToggle.syncState();
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);

        // 菜单的监听可以在toolbar里设置，
        // 也可通过Activity的onOptionsItemSelected回调方法来处理
        mToolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(
                new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
                        switch (item.getItemId()) {
                            case R.id.action_settings:
                                Toast.makeText(ToolbarActivity.this,
                                        "action_settings", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                                break;
                            default:
                                break;
                        }
                        return true;
                    }
                });
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        /* ShareActionProvider配置 */
        mShareActionProvider = (ShareActionProvider) MenuItemCompat.getActionProvider(menu
                .findItem(R.id.action_share));
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
        intent.setType("text/*");
        mShareActionProvider.setShareIntent(intent);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }
}

布局文件：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <include layout="@layout/toolbar" />

    <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
        android:id="@+id/drawer"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" >

        <!-- 内容界面 -->
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:background="@android:color/holo_blue_light"
            android:orientation="vertical" >
            <Button
                android:layout_width="100dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:text="内容界面"/>
        </LinearLayout>

        <!-- 侧滑菜单内容 必须指定其水平重力 -->
        <LinearLayout
            android:id="@+id/drawer_view"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_gravity="start"
            android:orientation="vertical" >
            <Button
                android:layout_width="200dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:text="菜单界面"/>
        </LinearLayout>
    </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</LinearLayout>

引用的toolbar布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/toolbar"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
    android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
    app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
    app:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar" >

</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

Notification

Notification作为一个事件触发通知型的交互提示接口，让我们可以在获得消息的时候，在状态栏、锁屏界面得到相应的提示信息。
Google在Android 5.0 上又进一步改进了通知栏，优化了Notification。当长按Notification的时候，会显示消息来源。Notification会有一个从白色到灰色的动画切换效果，最终显示发出这个Notification的调用者。同时，在Android 5.X 设备上，锁屏状态下我们也可以看见Notification通知了。

下面我们就分四重境界来看看如何在5.0下使用Notification

基本Notification

public void basicNotify(View view) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
            Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com"));
    // 构造PendingIntent
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
            this, 0, intent, 0);
    // 创建Notification对象
    Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
    // 设置Notification的各种属性
    builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
    builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
    builder.setAutoCancel(true);
    builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
            getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher));
    builder.setContentTitle("Basic Notifications");
    builder.setContentText("I am a basic notification");
    builder.setSubText("it is really basic");
    // 通过NotificationManager来发出Notification
    NotificationManager notificationManager =
            (NotificationManager) getSystemService(
                    NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_BASIC,
            builder.build());
}

折叠式Notification

折叠式Notification也是一种自定义视图的Notification，常常用于显示长文本。它拥有两个视图状态，一个是普通状态下的视图状态，另一个是展开状态下的视图状态。

public void collapsedNotify(View view) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
            Uri.parse("http://www.sina.com"));
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
            this, 0, intent, 0);
    Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
    builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
    builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
    builder.setAutoCancel(true);
    builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
            getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher));
    // 将一个布局指定为Notification正常状态下的视图
    RemoteViews contentView =
            new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),
                    R.layout.notification);
    contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.textView,
            "show me when collapsed");

    Notification notification = builder.build();
    notification.contentView = contentView;
    // 将另一个展开的布局指定为Notification展开时的视图
    RemoteViews expandedView =
            new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),
                    R.layout.notification_expanded);
    notification.bigContentView = expandedView;

    NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager)
            getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_COLLAPSE, notification);
}

notification.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:textColor="#ff43aebe"
        android:gravity="center" />

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:src="@drawable/robot" />

</LinearLayout>

notification_expanded.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:gravity="right|top">


    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="I am now expanded"
            android:textColor="#ff43aebe"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_alignParentTop="false"
            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
            android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/imageView"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true" />

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@drawable/robot_expanded"
            android:layout_gravity="right|top"
            android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:id="@+id/imageView" />
    </RelativeLayout>


</LinearLayout>

悬挂式Notification

悬挂式Notification是在Android 5.0 中新增的方式，这种被称为Headsup的Notification方式，可以在屏幕上方产生Notification且不会打断用户的操作，能给用户以Notification形式的通知。

public void headsupNotify(View view) {
    Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this)
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
            .setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
            .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_MESSAGE)
            .setContentTitle("Headsup Notification")
            .setContentText("I am a Headsup notification.");

    Intent push = new Intent();
    push.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
    push.setClass(this, MainActivity.class);
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
            this, 0, push, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
    builder.setContentText("Heads-Up Notification on Android 5.0")
            .setFullScreenIntent(pendingIntent, true);
    //通过setFullScreenIntent将一个Notification变成悬挂式Notification
    NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager)
            getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_HEADSUP, builder.build());
}

显示等级的Notification

Android 5.X 中新加入了一种模式——Notification显示等级。

Notification被分成了三个等级。

• VISIBILITY_PRIVATE——表明只有当没有锁屏的时候会显示
• VISIBILITY_PUBLIC——表明在任何情况下都会显示
• VISIBILITY_SECRET——表明在pin、password等安全锁和没有锁的情况下才能够显示

public void visibilityNotify(View view) {
    RadioGroup radioGroup = (RadioGroup) findViewById(
            visibility_radio_group);
    Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this)
            .setContentTitle("Notification for Visibility Test");
    switch (radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId()) {
        case R.id.radio_button_public:
            builder.setVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PUBLIC);
            builder.setContentText("Public");
            builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_public);
            break;
        case R.id.radio_button_private:
            builder.setVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE);
            builder.setContentText("Private");
            builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_private);
            break;
        case R.id.radio_button_secret:
            builder.setVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_SECRET);
            builder.setContentText("Secret");
            builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_secret);
            break;
    }
    NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager)
            getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_VISIBILITY, builder.build());
}

Notification在Android 5.X中的改动非常多，还有比如其他两种：
设置Notification背景颜色

builder.setColor(Color.RED)

设置Notification的category，category用来确定Notification显示的位置，参数就是各种category的类型

builder.setCategory(Nofitication.CCATEGORY_MESSAGE)

代码下载