在MySQL中实现Rank高级排名函数

前言

在MYSQL的最新版本MYSQL8已经支持了排名函数RANK，DENSE_RANK和ROW_NUMBER。但是在就得版本中还不支持这些函数，只能自己实现。实现方法主要用到了条件判断语句（CASE WHEN或IF）和添加临时变量。
以前的MySQL中没有排名函数，当我们需要查询排名时，只能使用MySQL数据库中的基本查询语句来查询排名，下面有3种具体的实现。（ps：非特殊情况，实际开发尽量使用Redis的sortset去实现排行。）
后面就是一些SQL随笔

用例表

接下来的排行实现都采用这个表的数据举例。（ps：建议直接跳过，只是方便测试而已。）

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` int(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(25) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, 'a', 0);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (2, 'b', 41);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (3, 'c', 27);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (4, 'd', 9);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (5, 'e', 26);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (6, 'f', 43);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (7, 'g', 16);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (8, 'h', 10);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (9, 'i', 5);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (10, 'j', 53);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (11, 'k', 12);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (12, 'l', 21);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (13, 'm', 8);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (14, 'n', 39);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (15, 'o', 53);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (16, 'p', 5);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (17, 'q', 60);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (18, 'r', 44);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (19, 's', 41);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (20, 't', 13);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (21, 'u', 2);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (22, 'v', 32);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (23, 'w', 32);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (24, 'x', 4);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (25, 'y', 53);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (26, 'z', 37);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

1.在MySQL中实现普通排名

对应Orcale的ROW_NUMBER函数连续排名，即使相同的值，依旧按照连续数字进行排名。

SELECT id , name , age , @rank := @rank + 1 AS ageRank
FROM user , ( SELECT @rank := 0 ) s
ORDER BY age desc
#用函数
SELECT id , name , age ,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY age DESC) AS ageRank
FROM user ;

2.在MySQL中实现并列连续序号排名

对应Orcale的DENSE_RANK并列连续排序，并列即相同的值，相同的值保留重复名次，遇到下一个不同值时，依然按照连续数字排名。

SELECT id , name , age , 
CASE 
	WHEN @ageValue = age THEN
		@rank
	WHEN @ageValue := age THEN
		@rank := @rank + 1
END AS ageRank
FROM user , ( SELECT @rank := 0 , @ageValue := NULL ) s
ORDER BY age desc
#用函数
SELECT id , name , age ,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY age DESC) AS ageRank
FROM user ;

3.在MySQL中实现并列非连续序号排名

对应Orcale的RANK并列跳跃排名，并列即相同的值，相同的值保留重复名次，遇到下一个不同值时，跳跃到总共的排名。

SELECT id , name , age , ageRank
FROM (
	SELECT id , name , age , 
	@rank := IF( @ageValue = age ,@rank ,@realRank ) AS ageRank , 
	@realRank := @realRank + 1 realRank,
	@ageValue := age ageValue
	FROM user , ( SELECT @rank := 0 , @ageValue := NULL , @realRank := 1) s
	ORDER BY age desc
)t
#用函数
SELECT id , name , age ,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY age DESC) AS ageRank
FROM user ;

4.随机获得一条数据

SELECT * FROM user AS t1 
JOIN
(SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM user)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM user))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM user)) AS ids) AS t2 
WHERE t1.id>=t2.ids ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1

5.判断数据是否存在

SELECT EXISTS (SELECT id FROM user WHERE age = #{age} )