每天坚持Crack Code（Day 5）

第九章排序和查找基本算法如下：

Bubble Sort:

Start at the beginning of an array and swap the first two elements if the first is bigger than the second. Go to the next pair, etc, continuously making sweeps of the array until sorted. O(n^2).

Selection Sort:

Find the smallest element using a linear scan and move it to the front. Then, find the second smallest and move it, again doing a linear scan. Continue doing this until all the elements are in place. O(n^2).

Merge Sort:

Sort each pair of elements. Then, sort every four elements by merging every two pairs. Then, sort every 8 elements, etc. O(n log n) expected and worst case.

Quick Sort:

Pick a random element and partition the array, such that all numbers that are less than it come before all elements that are greater than it. Then do that for each half, then each quarter, etc. O(n log n) expected, O(n^2) worst case.

Bucket Sort:

Partition the array into a finite number of buckets, and then sort each bucket individually. This gives a time of O(n + m), where n is the number of items and m is the number of distinct items.