PostThreadMessage

把window线程间传送消息仔细的看了一遍，觉得以前的理解很不深刻。说一说对PostThreadMessage的理解。

PostThreadMessage是一个线程体发送一个消息到指定的线程ID，其原型如下：

BOOL PostThreadMessage(          

                    DWORD idThread,

                    UINT Msg,   

                    WPARAM wParam,    

                    LPARAM lParam

);

这个函数既可以发送消息给工作线程，也可以发送给UI线程。接受PostThreadMessage的线程必须已经有了一个message queue，否则调用PostThreadMessage会失败。因为此原因使用GetLastError会得到错误码为1444，这种情况经常出现，解决方法有如下两种：

1.         调用PostThreadMessage，如果失败，就Sleep一段时间再次调用PostThreadMessage直到调用成功；

2.         创建一个Event对象，让PostThreadMessage等待接受的线程创建一个message queue。可以通过调用PeekMessage强制系统创建一个message queue。示例代码如下：

假设mainAPP是发送线程ThreadA是接受线程

/*mainAPP.cpp*/

……

hStartEvent = ::CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0); //create thread start event

if(hStartEvent == 0)

{

          printf("create start event failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());

          return 1;

}

::WaitForSingleObject(hStartEvent,INFINITE);

CloseHandle(hStartEvent);

if(!PostThreadMessage(threadaID, WM_MESSAGE_A,0,0))

{

          _tprintf(_T("post error! %d\n"), GetLastError());

          return 1;

}

……

ThreadA是接受线程

/* ThreadA */

MSG msg;

PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, WM_USER, WM_USER, PM_NOREMOVE);

if(!SetEvent(hStartEvent))

{

          printf("set event error,%d\n",GetLastError());

          return 1;

}

while(true){

          if(GetMessage(&msg, 0,0,0)) {

                    switch(msg.message){

                              case WM_MESSAGE_A:

                               ……

                               break;

                              }

                    }

          }

}

PostThreadMessage传递的消息如果要包含信息，要注意在结束的时候释放消息中的信息。在消息中附加信息方法如下

/*构造信息如下*/

char* pInfo = new char[MAX_INFO_SIZE]; //create dynamic msg

sprintf(pInfo,"msg_%d",++count);

PostThreadMessage(nThreadID,MY_MSG,(WPARAM)pInfo,0)//post thread msg

/*解释信息如下*/

if(GetMessage(&msg,0,0,0)) //get msg from message queue

{

            switch(msg.message)

            {

            case MY_MSG:

            char * pInfo = (char *)msg.wParam;

            printf("recv %s\n",pInfo);

delete[] pInfo; //这里释放了资源

            break;

            }

}

做了一个简单的消息通信实验，让主线程中等待用户输入，产生不同的消息，并把这些消息post给子线程，子线程根据产生的消息做出不同的反映。这些子线程可以是工作线程也可以是UI线程。

#include <windows.h>             #include <cstdio>             #include <process.h> #define MY_MSG WM_USER+100 const int MAX_INFO_SIZE = 20;             HANDLE hStartEvent; // thread start event // thread function unsigned __stdcall fun(void *param)             {                 printf("thread fun start\n");                 MSG msg;                 PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, WM_USER, WM_USER, PM_NOREMOVE);                 if(!SetEvent(hStartEvent)) //set thread start event     {                     printf("set start event failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());                     return 1;                 }                                 while(true)                 {                     if(GetMessage(&msg,0,0,0)) //get msg from message queue         {                         switch(msg.message)                         {                         case MY_MSG:                             char * pInfo = (char *)msg.wParam;                             printf("recv %s\n",pInfo);                             delete[] pInfo;                             break;                         }                     }                 };                 return 0;             } int main()             {                 HANDLE hThread;                 unsigned nThreadID;                 hStartEvent = ::CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0); //create thread start event     if(hStartEvent == 0)                 {                     printf("create start event failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());                     return 1;                 }                 //start thread     hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &fun, NULL, 0, &nThreadID );                 if(hThread == 0)                 {                     printf("start thread failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());                     CloseHandle(hStartEvent);                     return 1;                 }                 //wait thread start event to avoid PostThreadMessage return errno:1444     ::WaitForSingleObject(hStartEvent,INFINITE);                 CloseHandle(hStartEvent);                 int count = 0;                 while(true)                 {                     char* pInfo = new char[MAX_INFO_SIZE]; //create dynamic msg         sprintf(pInfo,"msg_%d",++count);                     if(!PostThreadMessage(nThreadID,MY_MSG,(WPARAM)pInfo,0))//post thread msg         {                         printf("post message failed,errno:%d\n",::GetLastError());                         delete[] pInfo;                     }                     ::Sleep(1000);                 }                 CloseHandle(hThread);                 return 0;             }