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文章目录
前言
docker是什么：
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows操作系统的机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口
Docker（安装&常用命令）
提示：CentOS Linux 8的yum源配置：
本人Linux镜像为CentOS 8所以需要配置yum源，其他版本可省略
yum源配置
一、Docker安装
1、安装gcc
yum -y install gcc
yum -y install gcc-c++
详细安装如下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install gcc
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:42 ago on Tue 08 Nov 2022 02:41:44 PM CST.
Package gcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
cpp x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 AppStream 10 M
gcc x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 AppStream 23 M
libgcc x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 base 79 k
libgomp x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 base 206 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade 4 Packages
Total download size: 34 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): libgcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 116 kB/s | 79 kB 00:00
(2/4): libgomp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 162 kB/s | 206 kB 00:01
(3/4): cpp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 236 kB/s | 10 MB 00:45
(4/4): gcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 245 kB/s | 23 MB 01:38
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 354 kB/s | 34 MB 01:38
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : cpp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 1/8
Running scriptlet: cpp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 1/8
Upgrading : libgomp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 2/8
Running scriptlet: libgomp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 2/8
Upgrading : libgcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 3/8
Running scriptlet: libgcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 3/8
Upgrading : gcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 4/8
Running scriptlet: gcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 4/8
Running scriptlet: gcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 5/8
Cleanup : gcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 5/8
Running scriptlet: cpp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 6/8
Cleanup : cpp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 6/8
Cleanup : libgcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 7/8
Running scriptlet: libgcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 7/8
Running scriptlet: libgomp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 8/8
Cleanup : libgomp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 8/8
Running scriptlet: libgomp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 8/8
Verifying : libgcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : libgcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 2/8
Verifying : libgomp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : libgomp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 4/8
Verifying : cpp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 5/8
Verifying : cpp-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : gcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 7/8
Verifying : gcc-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 8/8
Upgraded:
cpp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 gcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64
libgcc-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 libgomp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install gcc-c++
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:19 ago on Tue 08 Nov 2022 02:41:44 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
gcc-c++ x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 AppStream 12 M
Upgrading:
libstdc++ x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 base 453 k
Installing dependencies:
libstdc++-devel x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5 AppStream 2.0 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Upgrade 1 Package
Total download size: 15 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): libstdc++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 168 kB/s | 453 kB 00:02
(2/3): libstdc++-devel-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 217 kB/s | 2.0 MB 00:09
(3/3): gcc-c++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64.rpm 219 kB/s | 12 MB 00:57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 263 kB/s | 15 MB 00:57
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : libstdc++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 1/4
Running scriptlet: libstdc++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 1/4
Installing : libstdc++-devel-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 2/4
Installing : gcc-c++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : libstdc++-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 4/4
Running scriptlet: libstdc++-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : gcc-c++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : libstdc++-devel-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : libstdc++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : libstdc++-8.5.0-3.el8.x86_64 4/4
Upgraded:
libstdc++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64
Installed:
gcc-c++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64
Complete!
2、安装docker依赖
yum install -y yum-utils
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y yum-utils
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:52 ago on Tue 08 Nov 2022 02:41:44 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
yum-utils noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 base 73 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 73 k
Installed size: 22 k
Downloading Packages:
yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 151 kB/s | 73 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 151 kB/s | 73 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/1
Running scriptlet: yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/1
Verifying : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/1
Installed:
yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch
Complete!
3、设置镜像仓库
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/dockerce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
4、安装docker
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 37 kB/s | 31 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
containerd.io x86_64 1.6.9-3.1.el8 docker-ce-stable 33 M
docker-ce x86_64 3:20.10.21-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 21 M
docker-ce-cli x86_64 1:20.10.21-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 30 M
docker-compose-plugin x86_64 2.12.2-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 10 M
Installing dependencies:
container-selinux noarch 2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9 AppStream 54 k
docker-ce-rootless-extras x86_64 20.10.21-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 4.6 M
fuse-overlayfs x86_64 1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101 AppStream 73 k
fuse3 x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8 base 50 k
fuse3-libs x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8 base 94 k
libslirp x86_64 4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101 AppStream 70 k
slirp4netns x86_64 1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101 AppStream 51 k
Installing weak dependencies:
docker-scan-plugin x86_64 0.21.0-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 3.8 M
Enabling module streams:
container-tools rhel8
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 12 Packages
Total download size: 103 M
Installed size: 394 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/12): fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 85 kB/s | 50 kB 00:00
(2/12): container-selinux-2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch.rpm 88 kB/s | 54 kB 00:00
(3/12): fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 113 kB/s | 94 kB 00:00
(4/12): fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm 162 kB/s | 73 kB 00:00
(5/12): libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm 131 kB/s | 70 kB 00:00
(6/12): slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm 124 kB/s | 51 kB 00:00
(7/12): docker-ce-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 167 kB/s | 21 MB 02:09
(8/12): docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 156 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:30
(9/12): docker-ce-cli-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 160 kB/s | 30 MB 03:08
(10/12): docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 164 kB/s | 3.8 MB 00:23
(11/12): containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64.rpm 158 kB/s | 33 MB 03:33
(12/12): docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 162 kB/s | 10 MB 01:04
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 466 kB/s | 103 MB 03:45
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 5.8 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
Userid : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
Fingerprint: 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35
From : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64 1/12
Running scriptlet: docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64 1/12
Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 2/12
Installing : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 2/12
Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 2/12
Installing : containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64 3/12
Running scriptlet: containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64 3/12
Installing : docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 4/12
Running scriptlet: docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 4/12
Installing : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 5/12
Installing : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 6/12
Installing : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 7/12
Running scriptlet: fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 7/12
Installing : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 8/12
Installing : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 9/12
Running scriptlet: fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 9/12
Installing : docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 10/12
Running scriptlet: docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 10/12
Installing : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 11/12
Running scriptlet: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 11/12
Installing : docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64 12/12
Running scriptlet: docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64 12/12
Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 12/12
Running scriptlet: docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64 12/12
Verifying : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 1/12
Verifying : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 2/12
Verifying : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 3/12
Verifying : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 4/12
Verifying : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 5/12
Verifying : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 6/12
Verifying : containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64 7/12
Verifying : docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 8/12
Verifying : docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 9/12
Verifying : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 10/12
Verifying : docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64 11/12
Verifying : docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64 12/12
Installed:
container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64 docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64
docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64 docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64
docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64 fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64
fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64
Complete
CentOS 8 中安装 Docker 出现和 Podman 冲突的问题
root@monitor ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream 669 kB/s | 6.2 MB 00:09
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS 351 kB/s | 2.3 MB 00:06
Docker CE Stable - x86_64 1.1 kB/s | 7.1 kB 00:06
Docker CE Nightly - x86_64 327 B/s | 2.6 kB 00:08
Error:
Problem 1: problem with installed package podman-2.0.5-5.module_el8.3.0+512+b3b58dca.x86_64
- package podman-2.0.5-5.module_el8.3.0+512+b3b58dca.x86_64 requires runc >= 1.0.0-57, but none of the providers can be installed
- package containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el8.x86_64 conflicts with runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el8.x86_64 obsoletes runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- cannot install the best candidate for the job
- package runc-1.0.0-64.rc10.module_el8.3.0+479+69e2ae26.x86_64 is filtered out by modular filtering
Problem 2: problem with installed package buildah-1.15.1-2.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package buildah-1.15.1-2.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64 requires runc >= 1.0.0-26, but none of the providers can be installed
- package docker-ce-3:20.10.1-3.el8.x86_64 requires containerd.io >= 1.4.1, but none of the providers can be installed
- package containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el8.x86_64 conflicts with runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el8.x86_64 obsoletes runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package containerd.io-1.4.1-3.1.el8.x86_64 conflicts with runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package containerd.io-1.4.1-3.1.el8.x86_64 obsoletes runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package containerd.io-1.4.3-3.el8.x86_64 conflicts with runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- package containerd.io-1.4.3-3.el8.x86_64 obsoletes runc provided by runc-1.0.0-68.rc92.module_el8.3.0+475+c50ce30b.x86_64
- cannot install the best candidate for the job
- package runc-1.0.0-56.rc5.dev.git2abd837.module_el8.3.0+569+1bada2e4.x86_64 is filtered out by modular filtering
- package runc-1.0.0-64.rc10.module_el8.3.0+479+69e2ae26.x86_64 is filtered out by modular filtering
解决方法
yum erase podman buildah
5.配置阿里云镜像加速器
1）登录阿里云
阿里云URL
2）控制台->容器镜像服务
执行命令
测试:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
5、启动docker
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo systemctl start docker
6、测试
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e18f0a777aefabe047a671ab3ec3eed05414477c951ab1a6f352a06974245fe7
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
二、常用命令
1、帮助启动类命令
1、启动docker
systemctl start docker
2、停止docker
systemctl stop docker
3、查看docker状态
systemctl status docker
4、重启
systemctl restart docker
5、开机启动
systemctl enable docker
6、查看信息
docker info
7、查看帮助文档
docker --help
8、查看具体帮助文档
docker 命令 --help
2、镜像命令
1、列出本地主机上的镜像
docker images [-a] [-q]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker images -a
仓库源 镜像的版本 镜像id 镜像创建时间 镜像大小
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 13 months ago 13.3kB
2、查询镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker search --limit 5 redis
名字 说明描述 点赞 是否官方
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED（自动构建）
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 11537 [OK]
redislabs/redisinsight RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis 69
redislabs/redisearch Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded… 55
redislabs/redis Clustered in-memory database engine compatib… 35
redislabs/rebloom A probablistic datatypes module for Redis 21 [OK]
3.拉取镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
c7a4e4382001: Pull complete
4044b9ba67c9: Pull complete
c8388a79482f: Pull complete
413c8bb60be2: Pull complete
1abfd3011519: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 10 months ago 680MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 10 months ago 113MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 13 months ago 13.3kB
4.查看镜像、容器、数据卷所占空间
[root@localhost /]# docker system df
TYPE TOTAL ACTIVE SIZE RECLAIMABLE
Images 3 1 792.3MB 792.3MB (99%)
Containers 2 0 0B 0B
Local Volumes 0 0 0B 0B
Build Cache 0 0 0B 0B
5.删除镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f feb5d9fea6a5
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:e18f0a777aefabe047a671ab3ec3eed05414477c951ab1a6f352a06974245fe7
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 10 months ago 680MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 10 months ago 113MB
3、容器命令
1、拉取CentOS镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 10 months ago 680MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 10 months ago 113MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 13 months ago 231MB
[root@localhost /]#
2、启动一个CentOS容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos
[root@7b11c8d2b38d /]# ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Nov 9 06:10 .
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Nov 9 06:10 ..
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 9 06:10 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Nov 9 06:10 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Nov 9 06:10 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Sep 15 2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 221 root root 0 Nov 9 06:10 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 162 Sep 15 2021 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 163 Sep 15 2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Nov 9 03:00 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 171 Sep 15 2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Sep 15 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 262 Sep 15 2021 var
[root@7b11c8d2b38d /]# ^C
[root@7b11c8d2b38d /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]#
-i：以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-t：为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
也即启动交互式容器(前台有伪终端，等待交互)；
3、列出当前正在运行的容器
docker ps [options]
OPTIONS说明（常用）：
-a :列出当前所有正在运行的容器+历史上运行过的
-l :显示最近创建的容器。
-n：显示最近n个创建的容器。
-q :静默模式，只显示容器编号。
4、退出容器
1) exit 退出容器的同事通知容器
2) ctrl+p+q 退出不停止
5.停止容器
docker stop [容器ID或者容器名字]
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b911f3712135 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes agitated_jepsen
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop b911f3712135
b911f3712135
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#
6.启动一个已经停止的容器
docker start [容器ID]
7、重启容器
docker restart [容器ID]
8.强制停止容器
docker kill [容器ID]
9、删除已经停止的容器
docker rm [容器ID]
10.启动一个守护式容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name tomcat-2 tomcat
1189b4a1f588438a25d05bb4a4f06e0216c8e7ad7dd196b6e56711a17a39fd15
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1189b4a1f588 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 8080/tcp tomcat-2
11.查看容器日志
docker logs [容器ID]
12.进入到容器内部
docker exec -it [容器ID] /bin/bash
13.拷贝容器内部文件到宿主机
docker exec -it [容器ID] /bin/bash
[root@localhost /]# docker cp b8bf10e3500e:/usr/local/tomcat/a.txt /a.txt
14.导入导出容器
docker export b8bf10e3500e > tomcat-1.tar.gz
cat ./tomcat-1.tar.gz | docker import - qlx/tomcat-1:1.0.0
docker run -d --name tomcat1-0 tomcat1 /bin/bash
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3cc1a39443d9 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 32 minutes ago Up 32 minutes 8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp, :::9090->9090/tcp tomcat-2
b8bf10e3500e tomcat "catalina.sh run" 34 minutes ago Up 34 minutes 8080/tcp tomcat-1
[root@localhost /]# docker export b8bf10e3500e > tomcat-1.tar.gz
[root@localhost /]# ls -al
total 667368
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Nov 9 15:38 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Nov 9 15:38 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Oct 28 16:06 a
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7 Nov 9 15:11 a.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Oct 28 16:07 b
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jun 22 2021 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Oct 25 14:20 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 219 Oct 27 11:45 data
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 3160 Nov 9 11:01 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 151 root root 8192 Nov 9 11:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 14:19 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jun 22 2021 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 22 2021 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 media
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Oct 25 14:11 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 24 Nov 8 15:12 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 265 root root 0 Nov 9 11:00 proc
dr-xr-x---. 16 root root 4096 Nov 9 14:53 root
drwxr-xr-x. 42 root root 1260 Nov 9 15:26 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Jun 22 2021 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Nov 9 11:00 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 17 root root 4096 Nov 9 15:37 tmp
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 683334144 Nov 9 15:40 tomcat-1.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 158 Oct 25 14:10 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 Oct 25 14:20 var
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3cc1a39443d9 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 34 minutes ago Up 34 minutes 8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp, :::9090->9090/tcp tomcat-2
b8bf10e3500e tomcat "catalina.sh run" 36 minutes ago Up 36 minutes 8080/tcp tomcat-1
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 10 months ago 680MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 10 months ago 113MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 13 months ago 231MB
[root@localhost /]# docker stop b8bf10e3500e
b8bf10e3500e
[root@localhost /]# docker rm b8bf10e3500e
b8bf10e3500e
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3cc1a39443d9 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 34 minutes ago Up 34 minutes 8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp, :::9090->9090/tcp tomcat-2
[root@localhost /]# cat ./tomcat-1.tar.gz | docker import - qlx/tomcat-1:1.0.0
sha256:1803b1bc12e55fd211b871de704a123224f211fb4d9431c5de41d336902d3da4
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
qlx/tomcat-1 1.0.0 1803b1bc12e5 10 seconds ago 672MB
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 10 months ago 680MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 10 months ago 113MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 13 months ago 231MB
[root@localhost /]#
三.linux下docker的卸载!
1、首先关闭docker容器
#systemctl status docker 查看docker的状态
#systemctl stop docker 停止docker容器
2、查看安装docker的文件包
#docker list installed |grep docker
利用rpm -qa查看docker的源文件
#rpm -qa |grep docker
3、删除所有docker包
#yum -y remove docker*.x86_64
4、删除docker的镜像文件！
默认存在目录是：cd /var/lib/docker
#cd /var/lib/docker
#rm -rf /var/lib/docker
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