SpringMvc项目搭建(图文超详细)

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已于 2022-07-26 14:23:39 修改

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分类专栏： spring知识点文章标签： java spring

于 2022-04-11 16:27:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ljfgyy0205/article/details/124101106

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一.首先准备一个tomcat-9的版本和maven 和idea

Apache Tomcat® - Apache Tomcat 9 Software Downloads

二.打开iedea

1.创建maven项目和maven web模块(File-New-project)

2.创建好maven项目之后设置maven路径(File--搜索Maven)

3.在maven项目里面创建maven web module

键入GroupID和 artfactid

补充项目结构文件夹并标记文件夹

修改web.xml 中的版本约束
可以创建一个javaEE项目,然后复制web.xml文件中的内容即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
</web-app>

创建普通Servlet,然后跳转至JSP
导入依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>4.0.1</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>4.0.1</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

创建servlet

package com.msb.controller;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * @Author: Ma HaiYang
 * @Description: MircoMessage:Mark_7001
 */
@WebServlet("/myServlet.do")
public class MyServlet  extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.getRequestDispatcher("first.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

准备一个first.jsp

配置Tomcat启动运行项目
添加运行的外部Tomcat环境

将当前模块放入Tomcat

然后启动测试

3 导入jar依赖

<!--spring核心容器包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring切面包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--aop联盟包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--德鲁伊连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--springJDBC包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring事务控制包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring orm 映射依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Apache Commons日志包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--log4j2 日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.14.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring test测试支持包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--junit5单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--springMVC支持包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--jsp 和Servlet  可选-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

4.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!--配置初始化参数,读取springMVC的核心配置文件的位置和名称-->
        <!--
        当然,不使用initparam,springMVC会到一个默认路径下读取默认名称的.xml配置文件
        默认路径为/WEB-INF/
        默认配置文件名为:<servlet-name>-servlet.xml
        我们暂时不推荐这种方式
        -->
        <!-- <init-param>
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
             <param-value>classpath:dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml</param-value>
         </init-param>-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--配置dispatcherServlet的映射路径为 / 包含全部的servlet,  JSP除外-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5加入SpringMVC的配置文件

在resources下添加 springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
">
    <!--配置spring包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.msb"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置视图解析器
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"  ></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"  ></property>
    </bean>-->
</beans>

添加log4j2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="DEBUG">
    <Appenders>
        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%t] %-5p %c{1}:%L - %msg%n" />
        </Console>
    </Appenders>
    <Loggers>
        <Root level="debug">
            <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
        </Root>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

6编写controller层处理器

package com.msb.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
 * @Author: Ma HaiYang
 * @Description: MircoMessage:Mark_7001
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/msb")
public class FirstController  {
    @RequestMapping("/firstController.do")
    public String firstController(){
        System.out.println("this is firstController");
        return "/first.jsp";
    }
}

7.编写视图层

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Mark70
  Date: 2021/4/12
  Time: 12:28
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
  this is first Jsp
</body>
</html>

启动测试