文章目录
MHA高可用集群
一、MHA集群
1、作用
- MHA Master High Avavibility 主服务器高可用
- 应用场景:
- 一主多从的环境
- 作用：
- 提升主从复制中主服务器的可用性，尽量减少故障时间
- 周期性的检查主服务器的运行状态，一但主服务器故障后，会在从服务器挑选一个延迟最低的服务器升级为主服务器，并将剩余的从服务器连接到新的主服务器上，继续维持主从复制的运行
- 同时MHA还会尝试检测旧服务器的二进制日志文件，将二进制文件在新主服务器运行，保持数据的完整性
2、MHA角色
- mha-manager mha管理者
- 建议将其部署独立的服务器，用于检测主服务器的运行状态
- mha-node mba客户端
- 部署在所有的服务器上
3、开始部署MHA集群
1、环境描述
192.168.152.11 MHA Manager + MHA node
192.168.152.12 Master服务器 mha_node
192.168.152.13 Slave服务器 mha_node
192.168.152.14 Slave服务器 mha_node
2、关闭selinux，防火墙
3、配置免密ssh
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@localhost ~]# mv .ssh/id_rsa.pub .ssh/authorized_keys
[root@localhost ~]# for i in 12 13 14
do rsync -av /root/.ssh/* root@192.168.152.$i:/root/.ssh/
done
[root@localhost ~]# for i in 11 12 13 14
> do
> ssh root@192.168.152.$i date
> done
Thu Mar 3 05:42:14 CST 2022
Thu Mar 3 05:43:14 CST 2022
Thu Mar 3 05:43:14 CST 2022
Thu Mar 3 05:43:14 CST 2022
4、为所有主机修改名字，并添加所有主机名解析
[root@mha ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mha
[root@master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master
[root@slave01 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname slave01
[root@slave02 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname slave02
[root@mha ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.152.11 mha
192.168.152,12 master
192.168.152.13 slave01
192.168.152.14 slave02
[root@mha ~]# for i in 12 13 14; do rsync -av /etc/hosts root@192.168.152.$i:/etc/hosts; done
5、检测所有机器时间同步
[root@mha ~]# for i in 11 12 13 14
> do
> ssh root@192.168.152.$i ntpdate 120.25.115.20;date
> done
2 Mar 21:54:13 ntpdate[1401]: step time server 120.25.115.20 offset -28742.418114 sec
Wed Mar 2 21:54:13 CST 2022
2 Mar 21:54:20 ntpdate[1359]: step time server 120.25.115.20 offset -28802.214742 sec
Wed Mar 2 21:54:20 CST 2022
2 Mar 21:54:26 ntpdate[1336]: step time server 120.25.115.20 offset -28802.727525 sec
Wed Mar 2 21:54:26 CST 2022
2 Mar 21:54:33 ntpdate[1340]: step time server 120.25.115.20 offset -28802.168359 sec
Wed Mar 2 21:54:33 CST 2022
6、在mha管理机器上安装管理软件
[root@mha ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@mha ~]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes -y
#manager和node包在Github下载后传到虚拟机上
#网址：https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager/wiki/Downloads
[root@mha ~]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6 ################################# [100%]
[root@mha ~]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6 ################################# [100%]
#然后分别在每个服务器上安装node节点
7、配置主从环境
- 在所有数据库启动二进制日志
[mysqld]
server_id=11
log_bin=master
[mysqld]
server_id=12
log_bin=slave01
[mysqld]
server_id=13
log_bin=slave02
- 创建允许所有主机连接的用户
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.183.12' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.183.13' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.183.14' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 配置从服务器连接主服务器
- 自行查看主服务器的二进制日志事件位置
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
-> master_host="192.168.152.12",
-> master_user="repluser",
-> master_password="redhat",
-> master_log_file="master.000001",
-> master_log_pos=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
8、创建MHA连接数据库的用户
- 注意：此时主从已经搭建完成只需要在主服务器上输入即可
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'manager'@'192.168.152.11' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'manager'@'192.168.152.14' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'manager'@'192.168.183.12' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'manager'@'192.168.183.13' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
9、创建MHA manager需要的工作目录
创建MHA manager需要的工作目录
[root@mha ~]# mkdir -p /masterha/app1 //保存日志
[root@mha ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha //配置文件
10、编辑MHA的配置文件
[root@mha ~]# cat /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
manager_workdir=/masterha/app1
manager_log=/masterha/app1/manager.log
user=manager //指定MHA管理用户，用于获取数据库服务器的运行状态、二进制日志信息等
password=redhat
ssh_user=root //指定服务器间免密SSH的用户
repl_user=repluser //指定连接主服务器复制数据时的远程复制用户
repl_password=redhat
ping_interval=1 //检测服务器运行状态的时间间隔，单位秒
[server1]
hostname=192.168.152.12
port=3306
master_binlog_dir="/var/lib/mysql" //指定对应数据库服务器二进制日志存储位置
candidate_master=1 //允许该服务器参选新主服务器
[server2]
hostname=192.168.152.13
port=3306
master_binlog_dir="/var/lib/mysql"
candidate_master=1
[server3]
hostname=192.168.152.14
port=3306
master_binlog_dir="/var/lib/mysql"
candidate_master=1
11、检测ssh免密是否成功
[root@mha ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Mon Jan 25 15:16:04 2021 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
12、检测一主两从是否成功
[root@mha ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
192.168.183.11(192.168.183.11:3306) (current master)
+--192.168.183.12(192.168.183.12:3306)
+--192.168.183.13(192.168.183.13:3306)
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.183.12..
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [info] ok.
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.183.13..
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [info] ok.
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [warning] master_ip_failover_script is not defined.
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Mon Jan 25 15:18:08 2021 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
13、启动MHA
[root@mha ~]# masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[root@mha ~]# ps -elf | grep perl
0 S root 1469 1119 0 80 0 - 74284 hrtime 15:20 pts/0 00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
14、验证MHA的作用
- 停掉主服务器，查看是否切换主服务器
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
在新主服务器查看从服务器信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave hosts;
+-----------+------+------+-----------+
| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id |
+-----------+------+------+-----------+
| 14 | | 3306 | 13 |
+-----------+------+------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在从服务器上查看对应的新主服务器
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.152.13
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: slave01.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 527
Relay_Master_Log_File: slave01.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
15、修复故障的主机，将其连接到新的主服务器
[root@slave_01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot --lock-all-tables --master-data=2 --all-databases > /tmp/data.sql
[root@slave_01 ~]# rsync -av /tmp/data.sql root@192.168.183.11:/tmp/
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
-> master_host="192.168.152.13",
-> master_user="repluser",
-> master_password="redhat",
-> master_log_file="slave01.000003",
-> master_log_pos=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
16、再次启动MHA
[root@mha ~]# masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Wed Mar 2 22:54:13 2022 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Wed Mar 2 22:54:13 2022 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Wed Mar 2 22:54:13 2022 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
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