数字图像处理--空间变换

上次讲了数字图像处理的一题，今天再贴一题

Geometric transform (test image: fig3.tif)

Develope geometric transform program that will rotate, translate, and scale an imageby specified amounts, using the nearest neighbor and bilinear interpolationmethods, respectively.

背景

在对图像进行空间变换的过程中，典型的情况是在对图像进行放大,旋转处理的时候，图像会出现失真的现象。这是由于在变换之后的图像中，存在着一些变换之前的图像中没有的像素位置。处理这一问题的方法被称为图像灰度级插值。常用的插值方式有三种：最近邻域插值、双线性插值、双三次插值。理论上来讲，最近邻域插值的效果最差，双三次插值的效果最好，双线性插值的效果介于两者之间。不过对于要求不是非常严格的图像插值而言，使用双线性插值通常就足够了。

最近领域算法Matlab代码

[html] view plain copy print ?

1. sourcePic=imread('fig3.tif');
2. %以下为了彩色图像 
3. %[m,n,o]=size(sourcePic); 
4. %grayPic=rgb2gray(sourcePic);
5. grayPic=sourcePic;
6. [m,n]=size(grayPic); 
7.  
8. %比例系数为0.2-5.0 
9. K = str2double(inputdlg('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)', '输入比例系数', 1, {'0.5'}));
10.  
11. %验证范围 
12. if (K < 0.2) && (K> 5.0) 
13.     errordlg('比例系数不在0.2 - 5.0范围内', '错误'); 
14.     error('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)'); 
15. end 
16.  
17. figure; 
18. imshow(grayPic); 
19.  
20. width = K * m;                     
21. height = K * n;
22. resultPic = uint8(zeros(width,height));
23.  
24. widthScale = m/width;
25. heightScale = n/height;
26.  
27. for x = 5:width - 5                           
28.    for y = 5:height - 5
29.        xx = x * widthScale;                    
30.        yy = y * heightScale;
31.        if (xx/double(uint16(xx)) == 1.0) && (yy/double(uint16(yy)) == 1.0)       % if xx and yy is integer,then J(x,y)<- I(x,y) 
32.            resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(int16(xx),int16(yy)); 
33.        else                                     % xx or yy is not integer
34.            a = double(round(xx));               % (a,b) is the base-dot
35.            b = double(round(yy)); 
36.            resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(a,b);                     % calculate J(x,y)
37.        end 
38.     end 
39. end 
40.  
41. figure; 
42. rotate(resultPic,-20); 
43. imshow(resultPic); 

[html] view plain copy print ?

1. sourcePic=imread('fig3.tif'); 
2. %以下为了彩色图像 
3. %[m,n,o]=size(sourcePic); 
4. %grayPic=rgb2gray(sourcePic); 
5. grayPic=sourcePic; 
6. [m,n]=size(grayPic); 
7.  
8. %比例系数为0.2-5.0 
9. K = str2double(inputdlg('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)', '输入比例系数', 1, {'0.5'})); 
10.  
11. %验证范围 
12. if (K < 0.2) && (K > 5.0) 
13.     errordlg('比例系数不在0.2 - 5.0范围内', '错误'); 
14.     error('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)'); 
15. end 
16.  
17. figure; 
18. imshow(grayPic); 
19.  
20. width = K * m;                      
21. height = K * n; 
22. resultPic = uint8(zeros(width,height)); 
23.  
24. widthScale = m/width; 
25. heightScale = n/height; 
26.  
27. for x = 5:width - 5                            
28.    for y = 5:height - 5 
29.        xx = x * widthScale;                     
30.        yy = y * heightScale; 
31.        if (xx/double(uint16(xx)) == 1.0) && (yy/double(uint16(yy)) == 1.0)       % if xx and yy is integer,then J(x,y) <- I(x,y) 
32.            resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(int16(xx),int16(yy)); 
33.        else                                     % xx or yy is not integer 
34.            a = double(round(xx));               % (a,b) is the base-dot 
35.            b = double(round(yy)); 
36.            resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(a,b);                     % calculate J(x,y) 
37.        end 
38.     end 
39. end 
40.  
41. figure; 
42. rotate(resultPic,-20); 
43. imshow(resultPic); 

sourcePic=imread('fig3.tif');
%以下为了彩色图像
%[m,n,o]=size(sourcePic);
%grayPic=rgb2gray(sourcePic);
grayPic=sourcePic;
[m,n]=size(grayPic);

%比例系数为0.2-5.0
K = str2double(inputdlg('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)', '输入比例系数', 1, {'0.5'}));

%验证范围
if (K < 0.2) && (K > 5.0)
    errordlg('比例系数不在0.2 - 5.0范围内', '错误');
    error('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)');
end

figure;
imshow(grayPic);

width = K * m;                     
height = K * n;
resultPic = uint8(zeros(width,height));

widthScale = m/width;
heightScale = n/height;

for x = 5:width - 5                           
   for y = 5:height - 5
       xx = x * widthScale;                    
       yy = y * heightScale;
       if (xx/double(uint16(xx)) == 1.0) && (yy/double(uint16(yy)) == 1.0)       % if xx and yy is integer,then J(x,y) <- I(x,y)
           resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(int16(xx),int16(yy));
       else                                     % xx or yy is not integer
           a = double(round(xx));               % (a,b) is the base-dot
           b = double(round(yy));
           resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(a,b);                     % calculate J(x,y)
       end
    end
end

figure;
rotate(resultPic,-20);
imshow(resultPic);

双线性插值Matlab算法

[vb] view plain copy print ?

1. sourcePic=imread('fig3.tif');
2. %以下为了彩色图像 
3. %[m,n,o]=size(sourcePic); 
4. %grayPic=rgb2gray(sourcePic); 
5. grayPic=sourcePic; 
6. [m,n]=size(grayPic); 
7.  
8. %比例系数为0.2-5.0 
9. K = str2double(inputdlg('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)', '输入比例系数', 1, {'0.5'}));
10.  
11. %验证范围 
12. if (K < 0.2) or (K > 5.0) 
13.     errordlg('比例系数不在0.2 - 5.0范围内', '错误');
14.     error('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)'); 
15. end 
16.  
17. figure; 
18. imshow(grayPic); 
19.  
20. %输出图片长宽 
21. width = K * m;                           
22. height = K * n; 
23. resultPic = uint8(zeros(width,height)); 
24.  
25. widthScale = n/width; 
26. heightScale = m/height; 
27.  
28. for x = 5:width-5                              
29.    for y = 5:height-5 
30.        xx = x * widthScale;                     
31.        yy = y * heightScale; 
32.        if (xx/double(uint16(xx)) == 1.0) && (yy/double(uint16(yy)) == 1.0)       
33. % if xx and yy is integer,then J(x,y) <- I(x,y) 
34.            resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(int16(xx),int16(yy)); 
35.        else                                            
36. % xx or yy is not integer 
37.            a = double(uint16(xx));                     
38. % (a,b) is the base-dot 
39.            b = double(uint16(yy)); 
40.            x11 = double(grayPic(a,b));                 
41. % x11 <- I(a,b) 
42.            x12 = double(grayPic(a,b+1));               
43. % x12 <- I(a,b+1) 
44.            x21 = double(grayPic(a+1,b));               
45. % x21 <- I(a+1,b) 
46.            x22 = double(grayPic(a+1,b+1));             
47. % x22 <- I(a+1,b+1)           
48.            resultPic(x,y) = uint8( (b+1-yy) * ((xx-a)*x21 + (a+1-xx)*x11) + (yy-b) * ((xx-a)*x22 +(a+1-xx) * x12) );
49.        end 
50.     end 
51. end 
52.  
53. figure; 
54. resultPic = imrotate(resultPic,-20); 
55. imshow(resultPic); 

[vb] view plain copy print ?

1. sourcePic=imread('fig3.tif'); 
2. %以下为了彩色图像 
3. %[m,n,o]=size(sourcePic); 
4. %grayPic=rgb2gray(sourcePic); 
5. grayPic=sourcePic; 
6. [m,n]=size(grayPic); 
7.  
8. %比例系数为0.2-5.0 
9. K = str2double(inputdlg('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)', '输入比例系数', 1, {'0.5'})); 
10.  
11. %验证范围 
12. if (K < 0.2) or (K > 5.0) 
13.     errordlg('比例系数不在0.2 - 5.0范围内', '错误'); 
14.     error('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)'); 
15. end 
16.  
17. figure; 
18. imshow(grayPic); 
19.  
20. %输出图片长宽 
21. width = K * m;                           
22. height = K * n; 
23. resultPic = uint8(zeros(width,height)); 
24.  
25. widthScale = n/width; 
26. heightScale = m/height; 
27.  
28. for x = 5:width-5                              
29.    for y = 5:height-5 
30.        xx = x * widthScale;                     
31.        yy = y * heightScale; 
32.        if (xx/double(uint16(xx)) == 1.0) && (yy/double(uint16(yy)) == 1.0)        
33. % if xx and yy is integer,then J(x,y) <- I(x,y) 
34.            resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(int16(xx),int16(yy)); 
35.        else                                            
36. % xx or yy is not integer 
37.            a = double(uint16(xx));                     
38. % (a,b) is the base-dot 
39.            b = double(uint16(yy)); 
40.            x11 = double(grayPic(a,b));                 
41. % x11 <- I(a,b) 
42.            x12 = double(grayPic(a,b+1));               
43. % x12 <- I(a,b+1) 
44.            x21 = double(grayPic(a+1,b));               
45. % x21 <- I(a+1,b) 
46.            x22 = double(grayPic(a+1,b+1));             
47. % x22 <- I(a+1,b+1)           
48.            resultPic(x,y) = uint8( (b+1-yy) * ((xx-a)*x21 + (a+1-xx)*x11) + (yy-b) * ((xx-a)*x22 +(a+1-xx) * x12) ); 
49.        end 
50.     end 
51. end 
52.  
53. figure; 
54. resultPic = imrotate(resultPic,-20); 
55. imshow(resultPic); 

sourcePic=imread('fig3.tif');
%以下为了彩色图像
%[m,n,o]=size(sourcePic);
%grayPic=rgb2gray(sourcePic);
grayPic=sourcePic;
[m,n]=size(grayPic);

%比例系数为0.2-5.0
K = str2double(inputdlg('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)', '输入比例系数', 1, {'0.5'}));

%验证范围
if (K < 0.2) or (K > 5.0)
    errordlg('比例系数不在0.2 - 5.0范围内', '错误');
    error('请输入比例系数(0.2 - 5.0)');
end

figure;
imshow(grayPic);

%输出图片长宽
width = K * m;                          
height = K * n;
resultPic = uint8(zeros(width,height));

widthScale = n/width;
heightScale = m/height;

for x = 5:width-5                             
   for y = 5:height-5
       xx = x * widthScale;                    
       yy = y * heightScale;
       if (xx/double(uint16(xx)) == 1.0) && (yy/double(uint16(yy)) == 1.0)       
% if xx and yy is integer,then J(x,y) <- I(x,y)
           resultPic(x,y) = grayPic(int16(xx),int16(yy));
       else                                           
% xx or yy is not integer
           a = double(uint16(xx));                    
% (a,b) is the base-dot
           b = double(uint16(yy));
           x11 = double(grayPic(a,b));                
% x11 <- I(a,b)
           x12 = double(grayPic(a,b+1));              
% x12 <- I(a,b+1)
           x21 = double(grayPic(a+1,b));              
% x21 <- I(a+1,b)
           x22 = double(grayPic(a+1,b+1));            
% x22 <- I(a+1,b+1)          
           resultPic(x,y) = uint8( (b+1-yy) * ((xx-a)*x21 + (a+1-xx)*x11) + (yy-b) * ((xx-a)*x22 +(a+1-xx) * x12) );
       end
    end
end

figure;
resultPic = imrotate(resultPic,-20);
imshow(resultPic);

效果如下

最近领域算法放大2倍并顺时针旋转20度

双线性插值算法放大2倍并顺时针旋转20度

体会

该实验表明双线性插值得到的图像效果是比较好的。能够避免采用最近领域插值方式时可能存在的图像模糊、块状失真等问题。但双线性插值也存在问题，在放大倍数比较高的时候，图像失真将会比较严重，此时应该考虑使用更高阶的插值算法。