重载运算符实现精简版string类

c语言利用数组保存字符串，经常在不经意中浪费了大量的空间，使用起来十分的不方便，而且容易出错，为了解决c语言字符串的问题，c++增加了一个string类。本例就是为了说明通过运算符的重载而实现的。

代码如下：

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1. #include<iostream> 
2. using namespace std; 
3. class String 
4. { 
5. public: 
6.     String(); 
7.     ~String(); 
8.     String(const String &rs); 
9.     String(const char* const ch); 
10.     char &operator[](unsigned short int length ); 
11.     char operator[](unsigned short int  length) const; 
12.  
13.     String &operator=(const String &s); 
14.     String operator+(const String &); 
15.     void operator+=(const String &rs); 
16.  
17.     friend ostream &operator<<(ostream & o,const String &str) 
18.     { 
19.         o<<str.str; 
20.         return o; 
21.      
22.          
23.      
24.     } 
25.  
26.     friend istream &operator>>(istream &i,String str) 
27.     { 
28.      
29.         i>>str.str; 
30.         return i; 
31.     } 
32.  
33.     friend bool operator<(const String &str1,const String &str2) 
34.     { 
35.      
36.         if(strcmp(str1.str,str2.str)<0) 
37.             return 1; 
38.         else  
39.             return 0; 
40.     } 
41.  
42.     friend bool operator>(const String &str1,const String &str2) 
43.     { 
44.      
45.         if(strcmp(str1.str,str2.str)>0) 
46.             return 1; 
47.         else  
48.             return 0; 
49.     } 
50.  
51.         friend bool operator==(const String &str1,const String &str2) 
52.     { 
53.      
54.         if(strcmp(str1.str,str2.str)==0) 
55.             return 1; 
56.         else  
57.             return 0; 
58.     } 
59.  
60.         unsigned short int getlen() const {return len;} 
61.         const char* getstr() const{return str;} 
62.  
63.  
64.  
65. private: 
66.     String(unsigned short int); 
67.     unsigned short int len; 
68.     char *str; 
69.  
70.  
71.  
72.  
73. }; 
74.  
75. String::String(unsigned short int length) 
76. { 
77.  
78.     str = new char[length + 1]; 
79.     int i; 
80.     for(i = 0;i <length;i++) 
81.         str[i] = '\0'; 
82.     len = length; 
83. } 
84.  
85. String::String() 
86. { 
87.  
88.     len = 0; 
89.     str = new char[1]; 
90.  
91.     str[0] = '\0'; 
92.  
93. } 
94.  
95. String::~String() 
96. { 
97.  
98.     delete []str; 
99.     len = 0; 
100. } 
101.  
102. String::String(const String &rs) 
103. { 
104.  
105.     len = rs.getlen(); 
106.     str = new char[len + 1]; 
107.     for(int i =0 ;i < len ;i++ ) 
108.         str[i] = rs[i]; 
109.     str[len] = '\0'; 
110.  
111.  
112. } 
113.  
114. char &String ::operator [](unsigned short int length) 
115. { 
116.  
117.     if(length > len) 
118.         return str[len - 1]; 
119.     else 
120.         return str[length]; 
121.  
122.  
123. } 
124.  
125. char String::operator [](unsigned short int length) const 
126. { 
127.  
128.         if(length > len) 
129.         return str[len - 1]; 
130.     else 
131.         return str[length]; 
132.  
133.      
134.  
135. } 
136.  
137. String &String::operator =(const String &s) 
138. { 
139.  
140.     if(this == &s) 
141.     return *this; 
142.     delete []str; 
143.     len = s.getlen(); 
144.     str = new char[len + 1]; 
145.     for(int i=0;i<len;i++) 
146.     { 
147.      
148.         str[i] = s[i]; 
149.  
150.     } 
151.     str[len] = '\0'; 
152.  
153.     return *this; 
154.  
155.  
156.  
157.  
158. } 
159.  
160. String String::operator +(const String &rs) 
161. { 
162.  
163.     int total = len + rs.getlen(); 
164.     String temp(total); 
165.     int i,j; 
166.     for( i = 0;i < len;i++) 
167.         temp[i] = str[i]; 
168.     for(j = 0;j<rs.getlen();j++,i++) 
169.         temp[i] = rs[j]; 
170.     temp[total] = '\0'; 
171.      
172.     return temp; 
173.  
174.  
175. } 
176.  
177. void String::operator +=(const String &rs) 
178. { 
179.  
180.     int total = len + rs.getlen(); 
181.     String temp(total); 
182.     int i,j; 
183.     for(i = 0;i < len;i++) 
184.         temp[i] = str[i]; 
185.     for(j = 0;j < rs.getlen();j++,i++) 
186.         temp[i] = rs[j]; 
187.     temp[total] = '\0'; 
188.     *this = temp; 
189.  
190. } 
191.  
192. String::String(const char* const ch) 
193. { 
194.  
195.     len = strlen(ch); 
196.     str = new char[len+1]; 
197.     for(int i = 0;i < len;i++) 
198.         str[i] = ch[i]; 
199.     str[len] = '\0'; 
200. } 
201.  
202.  
203. int main() 
204. { 
205.  
206.     String s1; 
207.     cout<<"s1的长度:"<<s1.getlen()<<endl; 
208.     char*temp = "help me"; 
209.     s1 = temp; 
210.     cout<<"s1: "<<s1.getstr()<<"\t s1的长度: "<<s1.getlen()<<endl; 
211.     char ch[10]; 
212.     strcpy(ch,"all right"); 
213.     s1 += ch; 
214.     cout<<"ch:\t"<<ch<<endl; 
215.     cout<<"s1: \t"<<s1.getstr()<<endl; 
216.     cout<<"s1:"<<s1<<endl; 
217.  
218.     s1[2] = 'o'; 
219.     cout<<"s1:"<<s1<<endl; 
220.     cout<<"s1[999]: "<<s1[999]<<endl; 
221.     String s2 = "mother"; 
222.  
223.     String s3("Mother"); 
224.     cout<<"s2: "<<s2<<"\t s3: "<<s3<<endl; 
225.     String s4 = s2 + s3; 
226.     cout<<" s2 + s3 = "<<s4<<endl; 
227.     int check = s2>s3; 
228.     cout<<"s2>s3: "<<check<<endl; 
229.     check = s2 < s3; 
230.     cout<<"s2<s3: "<<check<<endl; 
231.  
232.     check = s2 == s2; 
233.     cout<<"s2 == s2: "<<check<<endl; 
234.     cin>>s2[0]>>s3[0]; 
235.     s2 = s2 + s3; 
236.     cout<<"s2: "<<" \t"<<s2<<endl; 
237.  
238.     return 0; 
239. } 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
	String();
	~String();
	String(const String &rs);
	String(const char* const ch);
	char &operator[](unsigned short int length );
	char operator[](unsigned short int  length) const;

	String &operator=(const String &s);
	String operator+(const String &);
	void operator+=(const String &rs);

	friend ostream &operator<<(ostream & o,const String &str)
	{
		o<<str.str;
		return o;
	
		
	
	}

	friend istream &operator>>(istream &i,String str)
	{
	
		i>>str.str;
		return i;
	}

	friend bool operator<(const String &str1,const String &str2)
	{
	
		if(strcmp(str1.str,str2.str)<0)
			return 1;
		else 
			return 0;
	}

	friend bool operator>(const String &str1,const String &str2)
	{
	
		if(strcmp(str1.str,str2.str)>0)
			return 1;
		else 
			return 0;
	}

		friend bool operator==(const String &str1,const String &str2)
	{
	
		if(strcmp(str1.str,str2.str)==0)
			return 1;
		else 
			return 0;
	}

		unsigned short int getlen() const {return len;}
		const char* getstr() const{return str;}



private:
	String(unsigned short int);
	unsigned short int len;
	char *str;




};

String::String(unsigned short int length)
{

	str = new char[length + 1];
	int i;
	for(i = 0;i <length;i++)
		str[i] = '\0';
	len = length;
}

String::String()
{

	len = 0;
	str = new char[1];

	str[0] = '\0';

}

String::~String()
{

	delete []str;
	len = 0;
}

String::String(const String &rs)
{

	len = rs.getlen();
	str = new char[len + 1];
	for(int i =0 ;i < len ;i++ )
		str[i] = rs[i];
	str[len] = '\0';


}

char &String ::operator [](unsigned short int length)
{

	if(length > len)
		return str[len - 1];
	else
		return str[length];


}

char String::operator [](unsigned short int length) const
{

		if(length > len)
		return str[len - 1];
	else
		return str[length];

	

}

String &String::operator =(const String &s)
{

	if(this == &s)
	return *this;
	delete []str;
	len = s.getlen();
	str = new char[len + 1];
	for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
	{
	
		str[i] = s[i];

	}
	str[len] = '\0';

	return *this;




}

String String::operator +(const String &rs)
{

	int total = len + rs.getlen();
	String temp(total);
	int i,j;
	for( i = 0;i < len;i++)
		temp[i] = str[i];
	for(j = 0;j<rs.getlen();j++,i++)
		temp[i] = rs[j];
	temp[total] = '\0';
	
	return temp;


}

void String::operator +=(const String &rs)
{

	int total = len + rs.getlen();
	String temp(total);
	int i,j;
	for(i = 0;i < len;i++)
		temp[i] = str[i];
	for(j = 0;j < rs.getlen();j++,i++)
		temp[i] = rs[j];
	temp[total] = '\0';
	*this = temp;

}

String::String(const char* const ch)
{

	len = strlen(ch);
	str = new char[len+1];
	for(int i = 0;i < len;i++)
		str[i] = ch[i];
	str[len] = '\0';
}


int main()
{

	String s1;
	cout<<"s1的长度:"<<s1.getlen()<<endl;
	char*temp = "help me";
	s1 = temp;
	cout<<"s1: "<<s1.getstr()<<"\t s1的长度: "<<s1.getlen()<<endl;
	char ch[10];
	strcpy(ch,"all right");
	s1 += ch;
	cout<<"ch:\t"<<ch<<endl;
	cout<<"s1: \t"<<s1.getstr()<<endl;
	cout<<"s1:"<<s1<<endl;

	s1[2] = 'o';
	cout<<"s1:"<<s1<<endl;
	cout<<"s1[999]: "<<s1[999]<<endl;
	String s2 = "mother";

	String s3("Mother");
	cout<<"s2: "<<s2<<"\t s3: "<<s3<<endl;
	String s4 = s2 + s3;
	cout<<" s2 + s3 = "<<s4<<endl;
	int check = s2>s3;
	cout<<"s2>s3: "<<check<<endl;
	check = s2 < s3;
	cout<<"s2<s3: "<<check<<endl;

	check = s2 == s2;
	cout<<"s2 == s2: "<<check<<endl;
	cin>>s2[0]>>s3[0];
	s2 = s2 + s3;
	cout<<"s2: "<<" \t"<<s2<<endl;

	return 0;
}

运行的结果是：