【Docker】环境准备-在 Win10 上搭建 CentOS 的虚拟机

本文档主要是为学习 Docker准备环境做的记录
本文采用 Vagrant + Vritual Box

下载和安装Vagrant

Vagrant官网地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/

1. 访问官网
2. 点击 Download
3. 选择操作系统版本、系统位数
4. 下载
5. 傻瓜式安装(安装完后要重启)
6. 验证是否安装成功：命令行输入 vagrant

C:\Users\Administrator>vagrant
Usage: vagrant [options] <command> [<args>]

    -v, --version                    Print the version and exit.
    -h, --help                       Print this help.

Common commands:
     box             manages boxes: installation, removal, etc.
     cloud           manages everything related to Vagrant Cloud
     destroy         stops and deletes all traces of the vagrant machine
     global-status   outputs status Vagrant environments for this user
     halt            stops the vagrant machine
     help            shows the help for a subcommand
     init            initializes a new Vagrant environment by creating a Vagrantfile
     login
     package         packages a running vagrant environment into a box
     plugin          manages plugins: install, uninstall, update, etc.
     port            displays information about guest port mappings
     powershell      connects to machine via powershell remoting
     provision       provisions the vagrant machine
     push            deploys code in this environment to a configured destination
     rdp             connects to machine via RDP
     reload          restarts vagrant machine, loads new Vagrantfile configuration
     resume          resume a suspended vagrant machine
     snapshot        manages snapshots: saving, restoring, etc.
     ssh             connects to machine via SSH
     ssh-config      outputs OpenSSH valid configuration to connect to the machine
     status          outputs status of the vagrant machine
     suspend         suspends the machine
     up              starts and provisions the vagrant environment
     upload          upload to machine via communicator
     validate        validates the Vagrantfile
     version         prints current and latest Vagrant version
     winrm           executes commands on a machine via WinRM
     winrm-config    outputs WinRM configuration to connect to the machine

For help on any individual command run `vagrant COMMAND -h`

Additional subcommands are available, but are either more advanced
or not commonly used. To see all subcommands, run the command
`vagrant list-commands`.

下载和安装VirtualBox

VirtualBox官网地址：https://www.virtualbox.org/

1. 访问官网
2. 点击左侧的 Downloads
3. 选择对应的操作系统版本下载
4. 傻瓜式安装

安装CentOS

1、创建 centos7 文件夹，并进入其中（目前全路径中不能有中文字符）

2、在此目录下打开 CMD，运行 vagrant init centos/7
此时会在当前目录下生成 Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像是 centos/7

3、根据 Vagrantfile 文件启动创建虚拟机

vagrant up 正常启动
vagrant halt 优雅关闭

4、vagrant常用的命令

vagrant ssh 进入刚才创建的centos7中
vagrant status 查看centos7的状态
vagrant halt 停止/关闭centos7
vagrant reload 重新加载 Vagrantfile 文件，修改 Vagrantfile 文件后，执行此操作修改才会生效

通过ssh工具连接centos7

1、使用 centos7 的默认账号连接

在centos7 文件夹下执行 vagrant ssh-config
关注 Hostname Port IdentityFile
IP : 127.0.0.1
Port : 2222
用户名 : vagrant
密码 : vagrant
文件 : IdentityFile 指向的文件private-key

2、使用 root 账号登录

vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中
sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改 PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd 修改密码，比如abc123
systemctl restart sshd
使用 root 账号和密码进行登录

Vagrantfile模板

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "3000"
        vb.name= "centos7"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end