docker篇-win10安装centos虚拟机及docker的基本使用

目录

win10安装centos虚拟机

安装环境

下载安装vagrant和VirtualBox

安装centos7

安装docker

基本体验

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win10安装centos虚拟机

安装环境

     win10 64位
    VVirtualBox-6.1.16-140961-Win   [已上传到网盘的“上课课件/virtualbox”目录]
    vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64  [已上传到网盘的“上课课件/vagrant”目录]
    centos7   [已上传到网盘的“上课课件”目录]
    XShell6

下载安装vagrant和VirtualBox

Vagrant官网：Vagrant by HashiCorp

VirtualBox官网：https://www.virtualbox.org/

傻瓜式安装，不赘述

安装centos7

1. 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中
2. 在此目录下打开cmd，运行 vagrant init centos/7，此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，这个镜像名称是virtualbox.box文件(可自行下载)
3. 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
       (1)下载virtualbox.box文件 提取码：sei8 
       (2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\virtualbox.box
       (3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box
       (4)vagrant box list  查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
4. centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机，来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]
5. 在这里创建完centos7后启动时我遇到了两个两个问题：①、提示找不到winhvplatform.dll文件，可自行去网上下载。②、win10没有开启虚拟化技术，这个可以去BIOS界面进行设置，具体操作自行百度
6. 通过Xshell连接centos7（我这里用的第二种）：

   01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
   	在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
   	关注:Hostname  Port  IdentityFile
   	IP:127.0.0.1
   	port:2222
   	用户名:vagrant
   	密码:vagrant
   	文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
   	
   02 使用root账户登录
   	vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中
   	sudo -i
   	vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
   	修改PasswordAuthentication yes
   	passwd修改密码，比如abc123
   	systemctl restart sshd
   	使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

7. Vagrantfile通用写法

   # -*- mode: ruby -*-
   # vi: set ft=ruby :
   
   # All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
   # configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
   # backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
   # you're doing.
   Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
     # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
     # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
     # https://docs.vagrantup.com.
   
     # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
     # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
     config.vm.box = "centos/7"
   
     # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
     # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
     # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
     # config.vm.box_check_update = false
   
     # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
     # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
     # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
     # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
     # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
   
     # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
     # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
     # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
     # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
   
     # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
     # using a specific IP.
     # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
   
     # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
     # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
     # your network.
     config.vm.network "public_network"
   
     # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
     # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
     # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
     # argument is a set of non-required options.
     # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
   
     # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
     # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
     # Example for VirtualBox:
     #
     # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
     #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
     #   vb.gui = true
     #
     #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
     #   vb.memory = "1024"
     # end
       config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
           vb.memory = "4000"
           vb.name= "jack-centos7"
           vb.cpus= 2
       end
     #
     # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
     # information on available options.
   
     # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
     # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
     # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
     # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
     #   apt-get update
     #   apt-get install -y apache2
     # SHELL
   end

   安装docker

从这里开始用Xshell

1. 卸载之前的docker

   sudo yum remove docker \
                     docker-client \
                     docker-client-latest \
                     docker-common \
                     docker-latest \
                     docker-latest-logrotate \
                     docker-logrotate \
                     docker-engine

2. 安装必要的依赖

   sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
       device-mapper-persistent-data \
       lvm2

3. 设置docker仓库

   sudo yum-config-manager \
         --add-repo \
         https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

4. 安装docker

   sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

5. 启动docker

sudo systemctl start docker

基本体验

1. 拉取镜像

   docker pull tomcat
   （默认是在hub.docker.com拉取）

2. 创建tomcat容器

   docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat
   （  -d：后台运行
       --name my-tomcat：给容器取名
       -p 9090:8080：将宿主机的9090端口映射到容器的8080端口
       tomcat：创建容器所使用的镜像）

3. 进入到容器里面

   docker exec -it containerid(容器名) /bin/bash