Oracle 12cR2数据库报错ORA-12753 ORA-27300 ORA-27301 ORA-27302 ORA-27303

数据库正常运行过程中突然出现如下报错，进而数据库无法访问：
2019-04-11T15:03:11.808450+08:00
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_w005_4551.trc:
ORA-12753: The Oracle home user ID does not match the effective user ID of the local client which connected to the Oracle instance.
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:check $ORACLE_HOME ownership failed with status: 0
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Error 0
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: spstp:4
ORA-27303: additional information: ORACLE_HOME uid does not match euid.  uid: 501  euid: 0
2019-04-11T15:03:12.795673+08:00
Process W005 died, see its trace file
2019-04-11T15:03:42.897791+08:00
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m000_4561.trc:
ORA-12753: The Oracle home user ID does not match the effective user ID of the local client which connected to the Oracle instance.
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:check $ORACLE_HOME ownership failed with status: 0
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Error 0
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: spstp:4
ORA-27303: additional information: ORACLE_HOME uid does not match euid.  uid: 501  euid: 0
2019-04-11T15:03:43.881284+08:00
Process m000 died, see its trace file

检查原因为有人将$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件权限改为了755，进而造成以上报错，数据库无法访问。
解决方法如下：
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
chmod 6751 oracle

之后数据库启动正常：
SQL> startup pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2063597568 bytes
Fixed Size                  8794600 bytes
Variable Size            1862274584 bytes
Database Buffers          184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>