1，异步输出日志的配置
logback中的异步输出日志使用了AsyncAppender这个appender
配置方式如下：
<appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>logs/context-log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<encoder charset="UTF-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] %date --%thread-- [%logger] %msg %n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<appender name ="ASYNC_FILE" class= "ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
<discardingThreshold >0</discardingThreshold>
<queueSize>1234</queueSize>
<appender-ref ref = "FILE"/>
</appender>
AsyncAppender的父类是AsyncAppenderBase，用到的代码基本都在这个父类里面。
2，异步输出日志时会把信息放到BlockingQueue中
当执行logger.info()方法时，Logger里的源码是这样的：
Logger类：ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger
info方法：
public void info(String msg) {
filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus(FQCN, null, Level.INFO, msg, null, null);
} private void filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus(final String localFQCN,
final Marker marker, final Level level, final String msg,
final Object[] params, final Throwable t) {
final FilterReply decision = loggerContext
.getTurboFilterChainDecision_0_3OrMore(marker, this, level, msg,
params, t);
if (decision == FilterReply.NEUTRAL) {
if (effectiveLevelInt > level.levelInt) {
return;
}
} else if (decision == FilterReply.DENY) {
return;
}
buildLoggingEventAndAppend(localFQCN, marker, level, msg, params, t);
}最后的buildLoggingEventAndAppend方法：
private void buildLoggingEventAndAppend(final String localFQCN,
final Marker marker, final Level level, final String msg,
final Object[] params, final Throwable t) {
LoggingEvent le = new LoggingEvent(localFQCN, this, level, msg, t, params);
le.setMarker(marker);
callAppenders(le);
}最后的callAppenders方法的代码：
/**
* Invoke all the appenders of this logger.
*
* @param event
* The event to log
*/
public void callAppenders(ILoggingEvent event) {
int writes = 0;
for (Logger l = this; l != null; l = l.parent) {
writes += l.appendLoopOnAppenders(event);
if (!l.additive) {
break;
}
}
// No appenders in hierarchy
if (writes == 0) {
loggerContext.noAppenderDefinedWarning(this);
}
}appendLoopOnAppenders方法：
private int appendLoopOnAppenders(ILoggingEvent event) {
if (aai != null) {
return aai.appendLoopOnAppenders(event);
} else {
return 0;
}
}Logger相关的appender就是配置文件中的ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender类，另外配置文件中的ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender不算，他属于AsyncAppender，不属于Logger。
AppenderAttachableImpl类的appendLoopOnAppenders方法：
/**
* Call the <code>doAppend</code> method on all attached appenders.
*/
public int appendLoopOnAppenders(E e) {
int size = 0;
for (Appender<E> appender : appenderList) {
appender.doAppend(e);
size++;
}
return size;
}AsyncAppender的父类是AsyncAppenderBase，在ch.qos.logback.core包下
AsyncAppenderBase的父类是UnsynchronizedAppenderBase，也在ch.qos.logback.core包下，doAppend方法在这个类中：
public void doAppend(E eventObject) {
// WARNING: The guard check MUST be the first statement in the
// doAppend() method.
// prevent re-entry.
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(guard.get())) {
return;
}
try {
guard.set(Boolean.TRUE);
if (!this.started) {
if (statusRepeatCount++ < ALLOWED_REPEATS) {
addStatus(new WarnStatus(
"Attempted to append to non started appender [" + name + "].",
this));
}
return;
}
if (getFilterChainDecision(eventObject) == FilterReply.DENY) {
return;
}
// ok, we now invoke derived class' implementation of append
this.append(eventObject);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (exceptionCount++ < ALLOWED_REPEATS) {
addError("Appender [" + name + "] failed to append.", e);
}
} finally {
guard.set(Boolean.FALSE);
}
}@Override
protected void append(E eventObject) {
if (isQueueBelowDiscardingThreshold() && isDiscardable(eventObject)) {
return;
}
preprocess(eventObject);
put(eventObject);
}
然后append方法里的put方法：
private void put(E eventObject) {
try {
blockingQueue.put(eventObject);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}日志的内容会被放到AsyncAppenderBase里定义的一个BlockingQueue中，至此Logger.info的任务完成了。
所谓的异步输出日志就是Logger.info负责往Queue中放日志，再起个线程把Queue中的日志写到磁盘上。
3，从BlockingQueue中获取信息并写入到文件
在AsyncAppender的父类AsyncAppenderBase里面定义了一个叫Worker的内部类，这个类负责从BlockingQueue中取出信息并处理，Worker的定义如下：
class Worker extends Thread {
public void run() {
AsyncAppenderBase<E> parent = AsyncAppenderBase.this;
AppenderAttachableImpl<E> aai = parent.aai;
// loop while the parent is started
while (parent.isStarted()) {
try {
E e = parent.blockingQueue.take();
aai.appendLoopOnAppenders(e);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
break;
}
}
addInfo("Worker thread will flush remaining events before exiting. ");
for (E e : parent.blockingQueue) {
aai.appendLoopOnAppenders(e);
}
aai.detachAndStopAllAppenders();
}
}
另外AsyncAppenderBase还定义了Worker线程的start和stop方法，是重写的父类UnsynchronizedAppenderBase中的方法：
@Override
public void start() {
if (appenderCount == 0) {
addError("No attached appenders found.");
return;
}
if (queueSize < 1) {
addError("Invalid queue size [" + queueSize + "]");
return;
}
blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<E>(queueSize);
if (discardingThreshold == UNDEFINED)
discardingThreshold = queueSize / 5;
addInfo("Setting discardingThreshold to " + discardingThreshold);
worker.setDaemon(true);
worker.setName("AsyncAppender-Worker-" + worker.getName());
// make sure this instance is marked as "started" before staring the worker Thread
super.start();
worker.start();
}
@Override
public void stop() {
if (!isStarted())
return;
// mark this appender as stopped so that Worker can also processPriorToRemoval if it is invoking aii.appendLoopOnAppenders
// and sub-appenders consume the interruption
super.stop();
// interrupt the worker thread so that it can terminate. Note that the interruption can be consumed
// by sub-appenders
worker.interrupt();
try {
worker.join(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
addError("Failed to join worker thread", e);
}
}
可以看到，在while循环期间，Worker从blockingQueue里面拿出一个元素并进行处理，还是调用了AppenderAttachableImpl的appendLoopOnAppenders方法（和上面一样）：
/**
* Call the <code>doAppend</code> method on all attached appenders.
*/
public int appendLoopOnAppenders(E e) {
int size = 0;
for (Appender<E> appender : appenderList) {
appender.doAppend(e);
size++;
}
return size;
}
调用了所有Appender的doAppend方法，在上面的配置中，AsyncAppenderBase相关的appender是RollingFileAppender，在ch.qos.logback.core.rolling包中
RollingFileAppender的父类是FileAppender，在ch.qos.logback.core包中
FileAppender的父类是OutputStreamAppender，也在ch.qos.logback.core包中
OutputStreamAppender的父类是UnsynchronizedAppenderBase，doAppend方法在这个类中（还是和上面的一样）：
public void doAppend(E eventObject) {
// WARNING: The guard check MUST be the first statement in the
// doAppend() method.
// prevent re-entry.
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(guard.get())) {
return;
}
try {
guard.set(Boolean.TRUE);
if (!this.started) {
if (statusRepeatCount++ < ALLOWED_REPEATS) {
addStatus(new WarnStatus(
"Attempted to append to non started appender [" + name + "].",
this));
}
return;
}
if (getFilterChainDecision(eventObject) == FilterReply.DENY) {
return;
}
// ok, we now invoke derived class' implementation of append
this.append(eventObject);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (exceptionCount++ < ALLOWED_REPEATS) {
addError("Appender [" + name + "] failed to append.", e);
}
} finally {
guard.set(Boolean.FALSE);
}
}
这段代码，经过了一堆的判断和设置，调用了append方法，自己类里的append方法是个抽象方法，具体的实现写在了他的子类OutputStreamAppender里，代码如下：
@Override
protected void append(E eventObject) {
if (!isStarted()) {
return;
}
subAppend(eventObject);
}
然后是subAppend方法：
/**
* Actual writing occurs here.
* <p>
* Most subclasses of <code>WriterAppender</code> will need to override this
* method.
*
* @since 0.9.0
*/
protected void subAppend(E event) {
if (!isStarted()) {
return;
}
try {
// this step avoids LBCLASSIC-139
if (event instanceof DeferredProcessingAware) {
((DeferredProcessingAware) event).prepareForDeferredProcessing();
}
// the synchronization prevents the OutputStream from being closed while we
// are writing. It also prevents multiple threads from entering the same
// converter. Converters assume that they are in a synchronized block.
lock.lock();
try {
writeOut(event);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
// as soon as an exception occurs, move to non-started state
// and add a single ErrorStatus to the SM.
this.started = false;
addStatus(new ErrorStatus("IO failure in appender", this, ioe));
}
}
然后是writeOut方法：
protected void writeOut(E event) throws IOException {
this.encoder.doEncode(event);
}
调用了encoder的doEncode方法，encoder的类是Encoder，Encoder是OutputStreamAppender定义的最终负责写日志的接口，由LayoutWrappingEncoder类实现：
public void setLayout(Layout<E> layout) {
addWarn("This appender no longer admits a layout as a sub-component, set an encoder instead.");
addWarn("To ensure compatibility, wrapping your layout in LayoutWrappingEncoder.");
addWarn("See also "+CODES_URL+"#layoutInsteadOfEncoder for details");
LayoutWrappingEncoder<E> lwe = new LayoutWrappingEncoder<E>();
lwe.setLayout(layout);
lwe.setContext(context);
this.encoder = lwe;
} public void doEncode(E event) throws IOException {
String txt = layout.doLayout(event);
outputStream.write(convertToBytes(txt));
if (immediateFlush)
outputStream.flush();
}用OutputStream写日志，immediateFlush可以在配置文件里配置，代表是否立即清空信息流，默认为true，如果配置为false，则会让outputStream快满的时候清空信息流。
至此日志写入完毕
4，一些可能有用的配置方式
1，blockingQueue长度。
blockingQueue长度决定了队列能放多少信息，在默认的配置下，如果blockingQueue放满了，后续想要输出日志的线程会被阻塞，直到Worker线程处理掉队列中的信息为止。根据实际情况适当调整队列长度，可以防止线程被阻塞。
2，immediateFlush=false。不立即清空输出流。
immediateFlush参数可以配置在<appender>里面，默认是true，代表是否立即刷新OutputStream中的信息。如果设置为false，会在OutputStream放满或隔断时间进行flush，具体由OutputStream类决定。据说设置为false之后输出日志的效率能提高为原来的4倍。
官网说：setting thisproperty to 'false' is likely to quadruple (your mileage may vary) loggingthroughput.
3，neverBlock=true。队列满了也不卡线程
neverBlock参数可以配置在<appender>里面，默认是false，代表在队列放满的情况下是否卡住线程。也就是说，如果配置neverBlock=true，当队列满了之后，后面阻塞的线程想要输出的消息就直接被丢弃，从而线程不会阻塞。这个配置用于线程很重要，不能卡顿，而且日志又不是很重要的场景，因为很有可能会丢日志。
4，自定义appender
开发者可以自己写一个appender类，需要继承AppenderBase<LoggingEvent>类并重写append(LoggingEventeventObject)方法，然后像别的appender一样配置到logback.xml里面，就可以定义自己的日志输出方式了。
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