spring mvc 与JPA/Hibernate的整合示例

一、首先通过maven加入spring、jpa和hibernate相关的jar包。如pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId> cn.ibeans</groupId>
  <artifactId>ibeans</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>myweb Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <!-- 定义相关属性 -->
  <properties>
  	<jdk-version>1.6</jdk-version>
  	<junit-version>4.11</junit-version>
  	<spring-version>3.2.2.RELEASE</spring-version>
  </properties>

  <!-- 定义依赖包 -->
  <dependencies>
  	<!-- spring begin-->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
	<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
	<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
    	<version>1.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
	<!-- spring end -->


	<!-- servlet begin -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    	<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
	<!-- servlet end -->


	<!-- junit begin -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>junit</groupId>
    	<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    	<version>${junit-version}</version>
    	<scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
	<!-- junit end -->


	<!-- hibernate begin -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    	<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    	<version>4.2.1.Final</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    	<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
    	<version>4.2.1.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.hibernate.common</groupId>
    	<artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>
    	<version>4.0.1.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    	<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    	<version>5.0.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- hibernate end -->


    <!--logger begin -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- logger end -->


    <!-- database begin -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
    	<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    	<version>5.1.25</version>
    </dependency>
	<!-- database end -->


	<!-- apache commons begin -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
    	<version>20030825.184428</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
    	<version>20030825.183949</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
    	<version>2.1</version>
    </dependency>
	<!-- apache commons end -->
  </dependencies>

  <!-- 配置构建 -->
  <build>
    <finalName>ibeans</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

2、配置applicationContext.xml中的实体管理工厂和事务机制:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"
	default-lazy-init="true">

	<description>Spring公共配置 </description>

	<!-- 使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="cn.ibeans">
		<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
	</context:component-scan>

	<!-- JPA实体管理工厂的配置 -->
	<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> 
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
		<property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
		<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.ibeans"/><!--待扫描的实体类包，不再需要persistence.xml了-->
		<property name="jpaProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!--指定实现JPA的适配器-->
	<bean id="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
		<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
	</bean>

	<!-- Jpa 事务配置 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
		<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
	</bean>

	<!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 -->
	<!--
	<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.ibeans"  transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
	-->
	<!-- 使用annotation定义事务 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />

	<!-- JSR303 Validator定义 -->
 	<bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean" />

	<!-- production环境 -->
 	<beans profile="production">
 		<context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath*:/db.properties" />	

		<!-- 数据源配置, 使用DBCP数据库连接池 -->
		<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
			<!-- Connection Info -->
			<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

			<!-- Connection Pooling Info -->
			<property name="maxActive" value="${dbcp.maxActive}" />
			<property name="maxIdle" value="${dbcp.maxIdle}" />
			<property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />
			<!-- 连接Idle一个小时后超时 -->
			<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="3600000" />
			<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="3600000" />
		</bean>

		<!-- 数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池 -->
		<!--<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:comp/env/jdbc/ExampleDB" />-->
	</beans>

	<!-- local development环境 -->
	<beans profile="development">
		<context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true"
			location="classpath*:/db.properties,
          			  classpath*:/db_dev.properties" />	

		<!-- DBCP连接池 -->
		<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
			<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
			<property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />
		</bean>
	</beans>

	<!-- unit test环境 -->
	<beans profile="test">
	 	<context:property-placeholder ignore-resource-not-found="true"
			location="classpath*:/db_test.properties" />	

		<!-- Simple连接池 -->
		<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
			<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
		</bean>

		<!-- 初始化数据表结构 与默认数据-->
		<jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource" ignore-failures="ALL">
			<jdbc:script location="classpath:sql/h2/schema.sql" />
			<jdbc:script location="classpath:data/import-data.sql" encoding="UTF-8"/>
		</jdbc:initialize-database>
	</beans>
</beans>

定义实体类：User.java

package cn.ibeans.web.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
@Table(name="i_user")
public class User implements Serializable{
	private String id;
	private String username;
	private String password;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid")
	@GenericGenerator(name="system-uuid",strategy="uuid")
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	@Column(name="username")
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	@Column(name="password")
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

}

3、定义dao接口，只需定义接口方法即可，不用加任何注解

package cn.ibeans.dao;

import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;

public interface UserDao {

	User findByName(String name);

	User findByLoginName(String loginName);

	void saveOrUpdate(User user);
}

4、定义dao实现类。用@Repository注解类，并将EntityManager作为成员变量注入，注入方法是加@PersistenceContext

package cn.ibeans.dao.impl;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import cn.ibeans.dao.UserDao;
import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

	@PersistenceContext
	private EntityManager em;

	@Override
	public User findByName(String name) {
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public User findByLoginName(String loginName) {
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public void saveOrUpdate(User user) {
		em.persist(user);
	}

}

5、定义service类。可直接写实现类
用@Component或@Service注释类，将dao接口作为成员变量注入，注入方法是加@Autowired
如果是写方法，需在方法上加@Transactional(readOnly=false)注解

package cn.ibeans.service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import cn.ibeans.dao.UserDao;
import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;

@Component
public class UserService {
	private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserService.class);
	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao;

	@Transactional(readOnly=false)
	public void saveUser(User user){
		userDao.saveOrUpdate(user);
		logger.debug(user.getUsername()+",保存成功！");
	}
}

6、定义action
用@Controller注释action类，如果需为该action中所有方法指定一个共用的上层路径名，则需用@RequestMapping(value="/user")注释该类。表示该类下的所有访求均要通过/user/**来访问
将service类作为成员变量注入action。注入方法是加@Autowired
用@RequestMapping(value="/save")注释action的方法。

package cn.ibeans.web.controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import cn.ibeans.service.UserService;
import cn.ibeans.web.model.User;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class LoginController extends HttpServlet{
	private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(LoginController.class);

	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;


	//@RequestMapping(value="/login")	//如果类级别上已有映射地址（/user），此处的完整请求地址是/user/login
	public String doLogin(Model model,Object loginForm){
		//model.addAttribute("username",username);	//model被用来封装数据，向前台传递
		WebApplicationContext context = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
		ServletContext sc = context.getServletContext();

		return "/welcome";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/login")
	public String login(@ModelAttribute User user,Model model){
		log.info(user.getUsername());
		model.addAttribute(user);
		return "/welcome";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/save")
	public String save(@ModelAttribute User user,Model model){
		log.info(user.getUsername());
		userService.saveUser(user);
		model.addAttribute(user);
		return "/welcome";
	}
}

7、发起请示的页面
请示的url应该是上下文根路径+action类路径+方法路径

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <title>Insert title here</title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div>
         <form action="/ibeans/user/save" methed="post">
             <input type="text" name="username">
             <input type="text" name="password">
             <input type="submit" value="SUBMIT">
         </form>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

8、转发目的页面
可以通过引用action方法里定义的mode属性来获取相关的数据。
welcome.jsp:

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
     pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <title>Insert title here</title>
 </head>
 <body>
    ${user.username },你好！ 
 </body>
 </html>