入门numpy
拉平操作 ravel()和faltten()及reshape(1,-1)的区别联系
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[1,2,3]])
x.flatten()
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])
x.ravel()
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])
x.ravel('F')
array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])
x.flatten('F')
array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])
x.flatten()[1] = 20
x
array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[1, 2, 3]])
x.ravel()[1] = 20
x
array([[ 1, 20, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6],
[ 1, 2, 3]])
x.reshape(1,-1)
array([[ 1, 20, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]])
星号的作用
import numpy as np
y1 = np.linspace(-10.0,10.0)
y1
array([-10. , -9.59183673, -9.18367347, -8.7755102 ,
-8.36734694, -7.95918367, -7.55102041, -7.14285714,
-6.73469388, -6.32653061, -5.91836735, -5.51020408,
-5.10204082, -4.69387755, -4.28571429, -3.87755102,
-3.46938776, -3.06122449, -2.65306122, -2.24489796,
-1.83673469, -1.42857143, -1.02040816, -0.6122449 ,
-0.20408163, 0.20408163, 0.6122449 , 1.02040816,
1.42857143, 1.83673469, 2.24489796, 2.65306122,
3.06122449, 3.46938776, 3.87755102, 4.28571429,
4.69387755, 5.10204082, 5.51020408, 5.91836735,
6.32653061, 6.73469388, 7.14285714, 7.55102041,
7.95918367, 8.36734694, 8.7755102 , 9.18367347,
9.59183673, 10. ])
y2 = np.linspace(1,10,10)
y2
array([ 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10.])
y3 = np.linspace(1,10,10,endpoint=False)
y3
array([1. , 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.6, 5.5, 6.4, 7.3, 8.2, 9.1])
y4= np.linspace(1, 10, 6, retstep=True)
y4
(array([ 1. , 2.8, 4.6, 6.4, 8.2, 10. ]), 1.8)
np.hstack()和np.vstack()用于堆叠矩阵
import numpy as np
x=np.array([[3,4,5],[1,3,4]])
y=np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
np.hstack((x,y))
array([[3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2]])
np.vstack((x,y))
array([[3, 4, 5],
[1, 3, 4],
[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2]])
np.meshgrid()快速生成网格
import numpy as np
x=np.array([1,3,5])
y=np.array([4,6])
XX,YY=np.meshgrid(x,y)
XX
array([[1, 3, 5],
[1, 3, 5]])
YY
array([[4, 4, 4],
[6, 6, 6]])
np.newaxis在特定位置增加一个维度
import numpy as np
c=np.array([1,2,5,4])
c[:,np.newaxis]
array([[1],
[2],
[5],
[4]])
c[np.newaxis,:]
array([[1, 2, 5, 4]])
np.prod() 计算元素乘积
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
np.prod(x)
144
np.prod(x,axis=1)
array([ 6, 24])
np.prod(x,axis=0)
array([ 2, 6, 12])
np.pad()函数进行padding操作
import numpy as np
A= np.arange(95,99).reshape(2,2)
A
array([[95, 96],
[97, 98]])
np.pad(A,((3,2),(2,3)),'constant',constant_values=(0,0))
array([[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 95, 96, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 97, 98, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
b=np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[3,4],[7,8]],[[4,5],[1,2]]])
b
array([[[1, 2],
[3, 4]],
[[3, 4],
[7, 8]],
[[4, 5],
[1, 2]]])
np.pad(b,((0,0),(1,1),(1,1)),'constant' ,constant_values = 0)
array([[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 4, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]],
[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 3, 4, 0],
[0, 7, 8, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]],
[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 4, 5, 0],
[0, 1, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]]])
np.full生成形为shape的元素全为val的矩阵
import numpy as np
c=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
c
array([[1, 2],
[3, 4]])
c.astype(np.float32)
array([[1., 2.],
[3., 4.]], dtype=float32)
import numpy as np
x=np.array([[3,4,5],[1,3,4]])
y=np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
np.hstack((x,y))
array([[3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2]])
np.vstack((x,y))
array([[3, 4, 5],
[1, 3, 4],
[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2]])
y=np.array([4,6])
XX,YY=np.meshgrid(x,y)
XX
array([[1, 3, 5],
[1, 3, 5]])
YY
array([[4, 4, 4],
[6, 6, 6]])
import numpy as np
c=np.array([1,2,5,4])
c[:,np.newaxis]
array([[1],
[2],
[5],
[4]])
c[np.newaxis,:]
array([[1, 2, 5, 4]])
import numpy as np
A= np.arange(95,99).reshape(2,2)
A
array([[95, 96],
[97, 98]])
np.pad(A,((3,2),(2,3)),'constant',constant_values=(0,0))
array([[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 95, 96, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 97, 98, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
b=np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[3,4],[7,8]],[[4,5],[1,2]]])
b
array([[[1, 2],
[3, 4]],
[[3, 4],
[7, 8]],
[[4, 5],
[1, 2]]])
np.pad(b,((0,0),(1,1),(1,1)),'constant' ,constant_values = 0)
array([[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 4, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]],
[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 3, 4, 0],
[0, 7, 8, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]],
[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 4, 5, 0],
[0, 1, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]]])
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
np.zeros_like(x)
array([[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0]])
import numpy as np
a=np.array([0.125,0.568,5.688])
np.round(a)
array([0., 1., 6.])
np.round(a,decimals=2)
array([0.12, 0.57, 5.69])
np.floor(a)
array([0., 0., 5.])
np.ceil(a)
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x1 = x.copy()
x1[x1 > 0] = 0
x1
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x2 = x
x2
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x2[x2>0] = 0
x2
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x3 = x[2]
x3
array([ 5, -2, 9])
x3[2] = 100
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[ -3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 100]])
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a=np.array([[1,2,3,6],[4,5,6,6]])
a1=a.reshape((1,2,4))
a1
array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
[4, 5, 6, 6]]])
b=np.array([[3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4],[4,5,5,5]])
b
array([[3, 4, 5, 6],
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[4, 5, 5, 5]])
b1=b.reshape((1,3,4)).transpose((1,0,2))
b1
array([[[3, 4, 5, 6]],
[[1, 2, 3, 4]],
[[4, 5, 5, 5]]])
a1
array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
[4, 5, 6, 6]]])
a1+b1
array([[[ 4, 6, 8, 12],
[ 7, 9, 11, 12]],
[[ 2, 4, 6, 10],
[ 5, 7, 9, 10]],
[[ 5, 7, 8, 11],
[ 8, 10, 11, 11]]])
矩阵删除、插入、尾部添加操作(delete,insert,append)
import numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]
p1=np.delete(matrix,1,0)
print('>>>>p1>>>>\n',p1)
>>>>p1>>>>
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 9 10 11 12]]
p2 = np.delete(matrix, 1, 1)
print('>>>>p2>>>>\n',p2)
>>>>p2>>>>
[[ 1 3 4]
[ 5 7 8]
[ 9 11 12]]
p3 = np.delete(matrix, 1)
print('>>>>p3>>>>\n',p3)
>>>>p3>>>>
[ 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12]
p4 = np.delete(matrix, [0,1], 1)
print('>>>>p4>>>>\n',p4)
>>>>p4>>>>
[[ 3 4]
[ 7 8]
[11 12]]
import numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]
q1 = np.insert(matrix, 1, [1,1,1,1], 0)
print('>>>>q1>>>>\n',q1)
>>>>q1>>>>
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 1 1 1 1]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]]
q2 = np.insert(matrix, 0, [1,1,1], 1)
print('>>>>2>>>>\n',q2)
>>>>2>>>>
[[ 1 1 2 3 4]
[ 1 5 6 7 8]
[ 1 9 10 11 12]]
q3 = np.insert(matrix, 3, [1,1,1,1], 0)
print('>>>>3>>>>\n',q3)
>>>>3>>>>
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]
[ 1 1 1 1]]
mport numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]
File "<ipython-input-20-d202c3e7f41f>", line 1
mport numpy as np
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
m1 = np.append(matrix,[[1,1,1,1]],axis=0)
print('>>>>m1>>>>\n',m1)
m2 = np.append(matrix,[[1],[1],[1]],axis=1)
>>>>m1>>>>
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]
[ 1 1 1 1]]
print('>>>>m2>>>>\n',m2)
m3 = np.append(matrix,[[1],[1],[1]],axis=1)
>>>>m2>>>>
[[ 1 2 3 4 1]
[ 5 6 7 8 1]
[ 9 10 11 12 1]]
print('>>>>m3>>>>\n',m3)
>>>>m3>>>>
[[ 1 2 3 4 1]
[ 5 6 7 8 1]
[ 9 10 11 12 1]]
把矩阵大于或小于N的元素置M的技巧
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
y1 = np.maximum(0,x)
y1
array([[1, 2, 3],
[0, 2, 4],
[5, 0, 9]])
y2 = np.minimum(0,x)
y2
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x1 = x.copy()
x1
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x1[x1 < 0] = 0
x1
array([[1, 2, 3],
[0, 2, 4],
[5, 0, 9]])
x2 = x.copy()
x2[x2 > 0] = 0
x2
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
random.rand和random.rand和random.randint区别
import numpy as np
n = np.random.rand(3,4)
n
array([[0.5003975 , 0.8162121 , 0.45193264, 0.82332347],
[0.09752794, 0.42988813, 0.03935796, 0.8775246 ],
[0.85181714, 0.52776459, 0.14274664, 0.95744951]])
import numpy as np
x = np.random.randn(2,3)
x
array([[ 0.02193741, 0.758389 , -1.43269265],
[-0.85326325, -0.37004486, -0.41419479]])
y = np.multiply(0.1,np.random.randn(2,3))+0.5
y
array([[0.67639181, 0.42187938, 0.53135641],
[0.57425968, 0.31920886, 0.42239423]])
import numpy as np
z = np.random.randint(2,9,(2,3))
z
array([[2, 7, 2],
[6, 5, 8]])
m = np.random.randint(9,size = (2,3))
m
array([[8, 0, 4],
[4, 0, 0]])
python广播机制
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a=np.array([[1,2,3,6],[4,5,6,6]])
a1=a.reshape((1,2,4))
a1
array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
[4, 5, 6, 6]]])
b=np.array([[3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4],[4,5,5,5]])
b
array([[3, 4, 5, 6],
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[4, 5, 5, 5]])
b1=b.reshape((1,3,4)).transpose((1,0,2))
b1
array([[[3, 4, 5, 6]],
[[1, 2, 3, 4]],
[[4, 5, 5, 5]]])
a1
array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
[4, 5, 6, 6]]])
a1+b1
array([[[ 4, 6, 8, 12],
[ 7, 9, 11, 12]],
[[ 2, 4, 6, 10],
[ 5, 7, 9, 10]],
[[ 5, 7, 8, 11],
[ 8, 10, 11, 11]]])
numpy中的矩阵copy问题
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x1 = x.copy()
x1[x1 > 0] = 0
x1
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x2 = x
x2
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[-3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 9]])
x2[x2>0] = 0
x2
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x
array([[ 0, 0, 0],
[-3, 0, 0],
[ 0, -2, 0]])
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x3 = x[2]
x3
array([ 5, -2, 9])
x3[2] = 100
x
array([[ 1, 2, 3],
[ -3, 2, 4],
[ 5, -2, 100]])
numpy取整
import numpy as np
a=np.array([0.125,0.568,5.688])
np.round(a)
array([0., 1., 6.])
np.round(a,decimals=2)
array([0.12, 0.57, 5.69])
np.floor(a)
array([0., 0., 5.])
np.ceil(a)
array([1., 1., 6.])
numpy基本加减和取行操作
import numpy as np
A = np.arange(1, 13).reshape(6, 2)
B = np.vsplit(A, 3)
C = A.T
D = np.hsplit(C, 3)
print(A, B, C, D)
[[ 1 2]
[ 3 4]
[ 5 6]
[ 7 8]
[ 9 10]
[11 12]] [array([[1, 2],
[3, 4]]), array([[5, 6],
[7, 8]]), array([[ 9, 10],
[11, 12]])] [[ 1 3 5 7 9 11]
[ 2 4 6 8 10 12]] [array([[1, 3],
[2, 4]]), array([[5, 7],
[6, 8]]), array([[ 9, 11],
[10, 12]])]
numpy基本加减和取行操作
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,1,1,1])
b = np.array([[1],[1],[1],[1]])
a+b
array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2]])
c = np.array([[1,1,1,1]])
c+b
array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2]])
W = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
W[:,1]
array([1, 2])
W[1]
array([2, 2, 2])
W[:,1] = np.array([5,5])
W
array([[1, 5, 1],
[2, 5, 2]])
np.zeros_like()构造全零矩阵,无需指定大小
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
np.zeros_like(x)
array([[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0]])
np.random.choice(a, size, replace, p);np.argmax(a, axis=None, out=None)
import numpy as np
a1 = np.random.choice(7,5)
a1
array([2, 0, 5, 0, 6])
a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5)
a2
array([0, 6, 1, 6, 6])
a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5)
a3
array([0, 5, 4, 2, 1])
a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False)
a4
array([3, 0, 5, 4, 1])
a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])
a5
array([6, 3, 3, 4, 3])
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])
a
array([[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2],
[0, 3, 6]])
b1 = np.argmax(a)
b1
8
8
b2 = np.argmax(a, axis=0)
b2
array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)
b3 = np.argmax(a, axis=1)
b3
array([0, 0, 2], dtype=int64)