Nginx简介

Nginx概述

• 网站服务器、反向代理器、负载均衡器
• 异步事件处理模型（Nginx），更高并发，同时支持5万并发连接。多线程客户机处理模型（Apache）
• 模块化设计、丰富模块库

安装

root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# sudo apt-get install nginx
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# 

常用命令

# 启动
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# sudo nginx

# 停止，快速kill进程
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# sudo nginx -s stop

# 停止Nginx
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# sudo nginx -s quit

# 重新加载配置文件
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# sudo nginx -s reload

# 重新打开日志文件
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# sudo nginx -s reopen

浏览器访问对应IP

默认配置目录

root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# cd /etc/nginx/
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:/etc/nginx# 
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:/etc/nginx# ll
total 72
drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096 Mar 29 00:25 ./
drwxr-xr-x 89 root root 4096 Mar 29 00:25 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jan 11  2020 conf.d/
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1077 Apr  6  2018 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1007 Apr  6  2018 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2837 Apr  6  2018 koi-utf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 2223 Apr  6  2018 koi-win
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 3957 Apr  6  2018 mime.types
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jan 11  2020 modules-available/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar 29 00:25 modules-enabled/
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1482 Apr  6  2018 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  180 Apr  6  2018 proxy_params
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  636 Apr  6  2018 scgi_params
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar 29 00:25 sites-available/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar 29 00:25 sites-enabled/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar 29 00:25 snippets/
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  664 Apr  6  2018 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 3071 Apr  6  2018 win-utf
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:/etc/nginx# 
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:/etc/nginx#

• nginx.conf 默认配置文件
• site-enabled 启用的配置文件夹
• sites-available 可使用的配置文件

关键配置模块

• events配置域：网络连接相关配置（I/O模型等）
• server配置域：相关服务节点配置
• location配置域：资源路由配置
• http配置域：Nginx作为网页服务器时的配置（#mail）
• upstream配置域：反向代理配置域

关键配置模块层级关系

events {
    ...
}
http {
    ...
    upstream {
        ...
    }
    server {
        ...
        location {
            ...
        }
    }
}
mail {
    ...
}

nginx.conf

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
	worker_connections 768;
	# multi_accept on;
}

http {

	##
	# Basic Settings
	##

	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	tcp_nodelay on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;
	# server_tokens off;

	# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
	# server_name_in_redirect off;

	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;

	##
	# SSL Settings
	##

	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

	##
	# Logging Settings
	##

	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

	##
	# Gzip Settings
	##

	gzip on;

	# gzip_vary on;
	# gzip_proxied any;
	# gzip_comp_level 6;
	# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
	# gzip_http_version 1.1;
	# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

	##
	# Virtual Host Configs
	##

	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#	# See sample authentication script at:
#	# http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#	# auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#	# pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#	# imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:110;
#		protocol   pop3;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
# 
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:143;
#		protocol   imap;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
#}

---

为什么需要Nginx进行部署

• 知名服务器,Nginx提供更加安全的服务
• 提供反向代理,负载均衡等丰富服务
• 对于静态文件的处理能力更强

root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# cp nginx.cnf nginx-uwsgi.conf

nginx-uwsgi.conf

..
http {
    ...
    # 反向代理
    upstream uwsgi {
        server 127.0.0.1:8000;
    }
    server {
        lister 80;
        server_name .**.com
        charset utf-8;
        access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx-uwsgi.log;
        
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://uwsgi;
        }
        location /static {
            alias /**/django_deployment/static;
        }
    }
}

root@iZ8vbgll9tzu0dgfcvf6s4Z:~# ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/nginx-uwsgi.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

uwsgi_pass和proxy_pass

• uwsgi_pass使用uwsgi协议，uwsgi是uWSGI服务器的主要协议
• proxy_pass使用普通的HTTP与uWSGI服务器联系

参考文章

为什么选择Nginx