镜像
查看所有镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dockerfiles-service_backend latest 456219264829 42 hours ago 508MB
redis 6.2 7afee305103f 2 weeks ago 127MB
dockerfiles-service_pg latest 98506ca45f09 2 weeks ago 409MB
postgres 14 5fb1753eb50a 2 weeks ago 409MB
node 18 040c8b98d130 3 weeks ago 1.09GB
ubuntu 20.04 6df894023726 4 weeks ago 72.8MB
python 3.8-slim-buster addd6962740a 2 months ago 118MB
redis 6.0.6 1319b1eaa0b7 3 years ago 104MB
查看镜像元数据
$ docker inspect 7afee305103f
[
{
"Id": "sha256:7afee305103f505262f8c43e992e9ede17c2ea2b764f5ffb96ceb6a3a98e44fe",
"RepoTags": [
"redis:6.2"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"redis@sha256:b0c5ca6dd628b6e0166d6c50647dcbe5fbf27f4efa2af0538a99f83071ec4f48",
"redis@sha256:fd12c0095e8bbe19350078745bb42d2a1a85c77b1e108b6e48807d9caebf0a13"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2023-08-16T15:27:25.516469967Z",
"Container": "702c7c6fa017ccb7545cf89e93ecf48135e5b875154ebc145d37ab796dd17695",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "702c7c6fa017",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"6379/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.16",
"REDIS_VERSION=6.2.13",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.13.tar.gz",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=89ff27c80d420456a721ccfb3beb7cc628d883c53059803513749e13214a23d1"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"redis-server\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:25e79594d4c3c15c1cb398e257197265cd5799c9e52d3f5723197babd25708ba",
"Volumes": {
"/data": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/data",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.23",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"6379/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.16",
"REDIS_VERSION=6.2.13",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.13.tar.gz",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=89ff27c80d420456a721ccfb3beb7cc628d883c53059803513749e13214a23d1"
],
"Cmd": [
"redis-server"
],
"Image": "sha256:25e79594d4c3c15c1cb398e257197265cd5799c9e52d3f5723197babd25708ba",
"Volumes": {
"/data": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/data",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 127086149,
"VirtualSize": 127086149,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/76ecf3a42496737257c4acf9528e97c36bdad5ad85ea6c3e27a36653f15188d9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2259c2cdab38d8490f2a78360a38d784aa45cae931a2d02069a115916edfc39a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/750853958de01bf6d7c5c49bfa4db9634c106206a2d53e77e954595bcb8be4c8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/da079b3aeb48c6522bbe5879d2b63508ab85735a9e63379823040a66bd5c7a08/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b3248875a258988806b77c5860e4f031c57a6f6c0552029431dd981fb27697ae/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b9d8ad708e30c281daa27a89615d2a6ecb84effa5e8c54436be1e06c2057e4/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b9d8ad708e30c281daa27a89615d2a6ecb84effa5e8c54436be1e06c2057e4/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/04b9d8ad708e30c281daa27a89615d2a6ecb84effa5e8c54436be1e06c2057e4/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:511780f88f80081112aea1bfdca6c800e1983e401b338e20b2c6e97f384e4299",
"sha256:90413ed13ba691b94dcbedcdba9e9ebfc09e4e5348db7ecd323ae5a6fbe0d621",
"sha256:c44e5d4e8bf9257bc01fbce9ff57bb8e93565e2cb94bffa46498f6f61ff86c02",
"sha256:ece68d98008da0a3339b3a2962bd42ca3f656d76125de5386c7567c47190db34",
"sha256:877a867aa6b626e94fc21b2c2137f2db04b9958fc85a85b4bd93d3201be1dea2",
"sha256:7a98a9b90508d2e2ad54e80b001de8958f5a5ff005f5bbb93131971fef0db67f"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
删除镜像
docker rmi imageId
更新镜像
$ docker commit --help
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
Options:
-a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith
<hannibal@a-team.com>")
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
-m, --message string Commit message
-p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true)
各个参数说明：
- -m：设置提交的描述信息
- -a：设置镜像作者信息
- -p：更新时是否暂停容器，默认true
- -c：修改 Dockerfile 指令，目前支持以下指令：CMD | ENTRYPOINT | ENV | EXPOSE | LABEL | ONBUILD | USER | VOLUME | WORKDIR
- CONTAINER：容器name或id
- REPOSITORY[:TAG]: 指定要创建的目标镜像名，TAG默认latest
示例：
$ docker commit -m "update" -a "l" -p b16f4591e580 newImage:v2
$ docker commit --change='CMD ["apachectl", "-DFOREGROUND"]' -c "EXPOSE 80" c3f279d17e0a newImage:v2
标记镜像
docker tag : 标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库。
语法
docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
实例
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql v20210809 0b77ba7dc7d0 17 hours ago 7.23GB
<none> <none> 7af0611bef07 2 years ago 4.41GB
$ # image_name
$ docker tag mysql:v20210809 mysql:v1
$ # image_id
$ docker tag 7af0611bef07 web:v1
$
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql v1 0b77ba7dc7d0 17 hours ago 7.23GB
web v1 7af0611bef07 2 years ago 4.41GB
镜像导入和导出
$ # 查看镜像
$ docker images
$ # 导出镜像
$ # ps: 使用image_id导出的镜像导入后REPOSITORY、TAG为<none>
$ docker save image_name/image_id -o xxx.tar
$ # 加载镜像
$ docker load -i xxx.tar
镜像仓库
账号登录登出
docker login -u ***@163.com bpvast-docker.pkg.coding.net
docker logout bpvast-docker.pkg.coding.net
镜像拉取与上传
要先登陆到镜像仓库。
docker pull ubunut:18.04
docker push ubunut:18.04
容器
容器列表
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
NAMES
98463ec9fb28 dockerfiles-service_backend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 80/udp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp service_backend
31784d1b76a8 redis:6.0.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:16379->6379/tcp
service_redis
594c7a826e5c dockerfiles-service_pg "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 minutes ago Up About a minute (healthy) 0.0.0.0:15432->5432/tcp
service_pg
-a: 查看所有容器
创建容器
docker run -it imageId /bin/bash
参数说明：
-a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；-P: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口-p: 指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；--name="containerName": 为容器指定一个名称；--dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；-h "mars": 指定容器的hostname；-e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量；--env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；-m:设置容器使用内存最大值；--net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；--link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；--expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；--volume , -v: 绑定一个卷--rm:退出时自动移除容器
进入容器
exec
推荐：退出容器终端，不会导致容器的停止。
docker exec -it containerId bash
attach
docker attach containerId
停止容器
docker stop containerId
查看容器元数据
$ # docker inspect containerId
$ docker inspect 31784d1b76
[
{
"Id": "31784d1b76a8e19545c250ed064bad6056d985ab58008309fd7b004e18299a0a",
"Created": "2023-09-02T05:35:12.241089067Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"redis-server",
"/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 442,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2023-09-02T05:35:15.41170501Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:1319b1eaa0b7bcebae63af321fa67559b9517e8494060403d083bb3508fe52c8",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/31784d1b76a8e19545c250ed064bad6056d985ab58008309fd7b004e18299a0a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/31784d1b76a8e19545c250ed064bad6056d985ab58008309fd7b004e18299a0a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/31784d1b76a8e19545c250ed064bad6056d985ab58008309fd7b004e18299a0a/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/31784d1b76a8e19545c250ed064bad6056d985ab58008309fd7b004e18299a0a/31784d1b76a8e19545c250ed064bad6056d985ab58008309fd7b004e18299a0a-json.log",
"Name": "/service_redis",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\datas\\redis:/data/redis:rw",
"D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\confs\\redis\\redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf:rw",
"D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\logs\\redis:/logs/redis:rw"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "dockerfiles_service_net",
"PortBindings": {
"6379/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "16379"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": null,
"DnsOptions": null,
"DnsSearch": null,
"ExtraHosts": [],
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": null,
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df55b8ec306acc67f2ea68d85f223358d529e4b58061156ab04559200d09b6c0-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eb26efef692f3e53722d8f31a55e0dd661c3468fe0ee33e79771d71ea64a0821/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b9b7d604519ae63b7f93c6142c47173a61b6324f0d5d424cdd8d0069a31a9c35/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3ee9ef765b3ad5b5fa0cdd96a53d7a9a224594c69d6a3053710d0777fbaab694/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/380f0d51cc7e1b7ca54a12ca4051982815f16980b57773dcdeedca2bf3e78c50/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5ead22d0faac7f7600aa26ea4c71cc85ff7a2ba23c25ad0dba5d4466620a633/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/013b912b127ad0578c9c77da7016441cf7ab62ed91b558da6b4a3808e020dc04/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df55b8ec306acc67f2ea68d85f223358d529e4b58061156ab04559200d09b6c0/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df55b8ec306acc67f2ea68d85f223358d529e4b58061156ab04559200d09b6c0/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df55b8ec306acc67f2ea68d85f223358d529e4b58061156ab04559200d09b6c0/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\confs\\redis\\redis.conf",
"Destination": "/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf",
"Mode": "rw",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
},
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\logs\\redis",
"Destination": "/logs/redis",
"Mode": "rw",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
},
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "9707786c881e826d4ead540bf60c22faa97bce65678b4b63aab7440e6afbc46a",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/9707786c881e826d4ead540bf60c22faa97bce65678b4b63aab7440e6afbc46a/_data",
"Destination": "/data",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
},
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\datas\\redis",
"Destination": "/data/redis",
"Mode": "rw",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "31784d1b76a8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"ExposedPorts": {
"6379/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"REDIS_VERSION=6.0.6",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.0.6.tar.gz",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=12ad49b163af5ef39466e8d2f7d212a58172116e5b441eebecb4e6ca22363d94"
],
"Cmd": [
"redis-server",
"/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf"
],
"Image": "redis:6.0.6",
"Volumes": {
"/data": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/data",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"com.docker.compose.config-hash": "a3f091cda46aaeabee5ca908bd6b2157d1eb75bfc20694ca47c6c4c72b95ebd9",
"com.docker.compose.container-number": "1",
"com.docker.compose.depends_on": "",
"com.docker.compose.image": "sha256:1319b1eaa0b7bcebae63af321fa67559b9517e8494060403d083bb3508fe52c8",
"com.docker.compose.oneoff": "False",
"com.docker.compose.project": "dockerfiles",
"com.docker.compose.project.config_files": "D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles\\docker-compose.yml",
"com.docker.compose.project.working_dir": "D:\\workspace\\docker_code\\dockerfiles",
"com.docker.compose.service": "service_redis",
"com.docker.compose.version": "2.18.1"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "23b60c3d97ab45dfcdfe88be042afcdddd5c54b44eaa74ec1c9bb4678064b0c4",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"6379/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "16379"
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/23b60c3d97ab",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"dockerfiles_service_net": {
"IPAMConfig": {
"IPv4Address": "172.19.0.20"
},
"Links": null,
"Aliases": [
"service_redis",
"service_redis",
"31784d1b76a8"
],
"NetworkID": "86406b786222115519b5e44eb8860a3ba863ac59398f5300f692e6d17075377f",
"EndpointID": "f87dc6c0a6b4fcbba9d2d13ad491c94638d49e046a874d6249ec490fc2e827dd",
"Gateway": "172.19.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.19.0.20",
"IPPrefixLen": 24,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:00:14",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
删除容器
docker rm containerId
参数：
-f:通过 SIGKILL 信号强制删除一个运行中的容器。-l:移除容器间的网络连接，而非容器本身。-v:删除与容器关联的卷。
容器导入和导出
# 导出容器
docker export container_id -o xxx.tar
# 导入容器
docker import xxx.tar containr:v1
所有命令
$ docker --help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/Users/macminimd389/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/Users/macminimd389/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/Users/macminimd389/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/Users/macminimd389/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
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清理镜像
我们在使用 Docker 一段时间后，系统一般都会残存一些临时的、没有被使用的镜像文件，可以通过以下命令进行清理：
docker image prune
- -a, --all: 删除所有没有用的镜像，而不仅仅是临时文件；
- -f, --force：强制删除镜像文件，无需弹出提示确认；
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