java学习笔记——IO流

String类的方法	说明
public byte[] getBytes()	使用默认方式进行编码
public byte[] getBytes(String charsetName)	使用指定方式进行编码
String(byte[] bytes)	使用默认方式进行解码
String(byte[] bytes,String charsetName)	使用指定方式进行解码

11.FileReader

创建字符输入流对象，读取数据（文件末尾-1），释放资源

12.FileWriter

创建字符输出流对象，写入数据（覆盖/续写），释放资源

13.字符流底层原理

创建字符输入/输出流对象：关联文件、创建缓冲区（8192字节数组）

读取数据：缓冲区空，从文件读满；缓冲区非空，从缓冲区读取

写入数据：缓冲区满，自动写入文件；flush()手动写入文件；close()手动写入文件并关闭流

14.字节缓冲流

BufferedInputStream、BufferedOutputStream

把基本流包装成高级流，提高读取/写入数据的性能（底层自带8192字节缓冲区）

15.字符缓冲流

BufferedReader、BufferedWriter

把基本流包装成高级流，提高读取/写入数据的性能（底层自带8192字符缓冲区）

readLine()//整行读取

newLine()//跨平台换行

16.转换流

InputStreamReader、OutputStreamWriter

是字符流和字节流之间的桥梁

作用：字节流使用字符流中的方法、指定编码方式读写

17.序列化流和反序列化流

ObjectInputStream、ObjectOutputStream

可以把Java中的对象写到本地文件中

Javabean类实现Serializable接口、序列化文件不能修改、serialVersionUID作为Javabean类序列化、transient关键字不序列化成员变量

18.打印流

PrintStream，PrintWriter

打印流只操作文件目的地，不操作数据源

特有的写出方法实现数据原样写出、自动刷新换行

System.out是标准输出流，由虚拟机启动，默认指向控制台

19.压缩流和解压缩流

解压原理：把每一个ZipEntry按照层级拷贝到本地另一个文件夹中

压缩原理：把每一个文件或文件夹当做ZipEntry对象放到压缩包中

20.Commons-io

apache开源基金组织提供的一组有关IO操作的开源工具包

作用：提高IO流的开发效率

21.Hutool工具包

官网：https://hutool.cn/

API文档：https://apidoc.gitee.com/dromara/hutool/

中文使用文档：https://hutool.cn/docs/#/

代码实现

1.FileOutputStream写入文件

package IOtest1;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest1\\a.txt");
        fos.write(97);//覆盖字符写入
        fos.close();//释放资源
    }
}

2.FileOutputStream写入文件（利用byte[]数组）

package IOtest2;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest2\\a.txt");
        byte[] bytes={97,98,99,100,101};//byte数组
        fos.write(bytes);
        fos.write(bytes,1,3);
        fos.close();
    }
}

3.FileOutputStream写入文件（续写）

package IOtest3;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos1=new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest3\\a.txt");
        byte[] bytes1="abc\r\n6556\r\n".getBytes();//回车换行\r\n
        fos1.write(bytes1);
        fos1.close();

        FileOutputStream fos2=new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest3\\a.txt",true);//文件续写
        byte[] bytes2="continue".getBytes();
        fos2.write(bytes2);
        fos2.close();
    }
}

4.FileInputStream读取文件（循环读取）

package IOtest4;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fis1=new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest4\\a.txt");
        int b1=fis1.read();//单字节读写
        System.out.println((char) b1);
        int b2=fis1.read();
        System.out.println((char) b2);
        int b3=fis1.read();
        System.out.println((char) b3);
        int b4=fis1.read();
        System.out.println(b4);//文件末尾是-1
        fis1.close();

        FileInputStream fis2=new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest4\\a.txt");
        int b;
        while((b=fis2.read())!=-1){//循环读写
            System.out.print((char)b);
        }
        fis2.close();
    }
}

5.拷贝文件（循环读写）

package IOtest5;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        long start1=System.currentTimeMillis();//拷贝开始时间
        FileInputStream fis1 = new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest5\\mellco-img1.jpg");
        FileOutputStream fos1 = new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest5\\mellco-img1_copy1.jpg");
        int b;
        while ((b = fis1.read()) != -1) {//边读取边写入（单个字节）
            fos1.write(b);
        }
        fos1.close();
        fis1.close();
        long end1=System.currentTimeMillis();//拷贝结束时间
        System.out.println("单字节拷贝用时"+(end1-start1)+"ms");

        long start2=System.currentTimeMillis();//拷贝开始时间
        FileInputStream fis2 = new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest5\\mellco-img1.jpg");
        FileOutputStream fos2 = new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest5\\mellco-img1_copy2.jpg");
        byte[] bytes=new byte[64];
        int len;
        while ((len= fis2.read(bytes))!=-1){//边读取边写入（字节数组）
            fos2.write(bytes,0,len);//未读满时bytes[len]后舍去
        }
        fos2.close();
        fis2.close();
        long end2=System.currentTimeMillis();//拷贝结束时间
        System.out.println("单字节拷贝用时"+(end2-start2)+"ms");
    }
}

6.默认编码和指定编码

package IOtest6;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String str="爱你哟";

        //默认编码
        byte[] bytes1=str.getBytes();//IDEA默认UTF-8编码方式
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes1));
        //指定编码
        byte[] bytes2=str.getBytes("GBK");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes2));

        //默认解码
        System.out.println(new String(bytes1));//IDEA默认UTF-8编码方式
        //指定解码
        System.out.println(new String(bytes2, "GBK"));
        System.out.println(new String(bytes2,"UTF-8"));
    }
}

7.FileReader读取字符

package IOtest7;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileReader fr1 = new FileReader("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest7\\a.txt");
        int ch;
        while ((ch = fr1.read()) != -1) {//循环读取单个字符
            System.out.print((char)ch);
        }
        fr1.close();
        System.out.println();

        FileReader fr2 = new FileReader("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest7\\a.txt");
        char[] chars=new char[2];
        int len;
        while ((len=fr2.read(chars))!=-1){//循环读取字符数组
            System.out.print(new String(chars, 0, len));
        }
        fr2.close();
    }
}

8.FileWriter写入字符

package IOtest8;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileWriter fw1 = new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest8\\a.txt");
        fw1.write("创建字符输入流对象\n");
        fw1.close();

        FileWriter fw2 = new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest8\\a.txt",true);//开启续写
        fw2.write("读取数据");
        fw2.close();
    }
}

9.字节缓冲流

package IOtest9;

import java.io.*;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest9\\a.txt"));
        BufferedOutputStream bos=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest9\\copy.txt"));
        int b;
        while ((b=bis.read())!=-1){
            bos.write(b);
        }
        bos.close();//只关缓冲流、不管基本流
        bis.close();

        BufferedInputStream bis2=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest9\\a.txt"));
        BufferedOutputStream bos2=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest9\\copy2.txt"));
        byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=bis2.read(bytes))!=-1){
            bos2.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        bos2.close();
        bis2.close();
    }
}

10.字符缓冲流

package IOtest10;

import java.io.*;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest10\\a.txt"));
        BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest10\\copy.txt"));
        String line;
        while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
            System.out.println(line);
            bw.write(line);
            bw.newLine();
        }

        bw.close();//只关缓冲流、不管基本流
        br.close();

        BufferedWriter bw2=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest10\\copy.txt",true));
        bw2.write("续写");
    }
}

11.转换流（指定字符编码读写）

package IOtest11;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //转换流指定字符编码读取（before jdk11）
        InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest11\\a.txt"),"GBK");
        int ch1;
        while ((ch1=isr.read())!=-1){
            System.out.print((char) ch1);
        }
        isr.close();

        //转换流指定字符编码写出（before jdk11）
        OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest11\\b.txt"),"GBK");
        osw.write("你好");
        osw.close();

        //字节流指定字符编码读取
        FileReader fr=new FileReader("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest11\\a.txt", Charset.forName("GBK"));
        int ch3;
        while ((ch3=fr.read())!=-1){
            System.out.print((char) ch3);
        }
        fr.close();

        //字节流指定字符编码写出
        FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest11\\b.txt",Charset.forName("GBK"));
        fw.write("你好你好");
        fw.close();
    }
}

12.转换流（指定字符编码转换）

package IOtest12;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //转换流转换指定编码（before jdk11）
        InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest12\\a.txt"),"GBK");
        OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest12\\b.txt"),"UTF-8");
        int b;
        while ((b=isr.read())!=-1){
            osw.write(b);
        }
        osw.close();
        isr.close();

        //字符流转换指定编码
        FileReader fr=new FileReader("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest12\\a.txt",Charset.forName("GBK"));
        FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest12\\b.txt",Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        int b2;
        while((b2=fr.read())!=-1){
            fw.write(b2);
        }
        fw.close();
        fr.close();
    }
}

13.转换流（字节流读取整行）

package IOtest13;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //转换流包裹字节流，字符缓冲流包裹转换流
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest13\\a.txt")));
        String str;
        while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(str);
        }
        br.close();

    }
}

14.序列化流和反序列化流

package IOtest14;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //序列化流（对象操作输出流）
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 18, "南京");
        Student student2 = new Student("小红", 17, "北京");
        Student student3 = new Student("小明", 17, "重庆");
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest14\\a.txt"));
        ArrayList<Student> list1=new ArrayList<>();
        list1.add(student1);
        list1.add(student2);
        list1.add(student3);
        oos.writeObject(list1);//序列化对象集合
        oos.close();

        //反序列化流（对象操作输入流）
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest14\\a.txt"));
        ArrayList<Student> list2 = (ArrayList<Student>) ois.readObject();//反序列化对象集合
        System.out.println(list2.toString());
        ois.close();
    }
}

package IOtest14;

import java.io.Serial;
import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable {//Serializable可序列化标记接口
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1654487619885343330L;

    private String name;
    private int age;
    private  transient String address;//瞬态关键字（不序列化成员变量）

    public Student(String name, int age, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

15.打印流

package IOtest15;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //字节打印流
        PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest15\\a.txt"),true, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        ps.println(666);//写出+自动刷新+自动换行
        ps.print(true);//写出
        ps.printf("%d%s",1,"是奇数");//写出+占位符
        ps.close();

        //字符打印流
        PrintWriter pw=new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest15\\b.txt"),true);
        pw.println("你好你好你好你好");
        pw.print("我见过你");
        pw.printf("%d%s",2,"是偶数");
        pw.close();

        //系统标准输出流，由虚拟机启动，默认指向控制台，关闭后重新打开需要重启虚拟机
        PrintStream psSystem=System.out;
        psSystem.println("1234");
        System.out.println("666");
    }
}

16.压缩流和解压缩流

package IOtest16;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;

public class IODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        File src1 = new File("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest16\\aaa.zip");
        File dest1 = new File("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest16");
        unzip(src1, dest1);//执行解压

        File src2 = new File("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest16\\aaa\\b");
        File dest2 = new File("G:\\JavaProgram\\java\\src\\IOtest16", src2.getName() + ".zip");
        tozip(src2, dest2);//执行压缩
    }

    private static void unzip(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
        ZipInputStream zip = new ZipInputStream(new FileInputStream(src));//创建解压缩流
        ZipEntry entry;//临时接收解压的文件
        while ((entry = zip.getNextEntry()) != null) {//获取解压文件
            System.out.println(entry);
            if (entry.isDirectory()) {//文件夹解压时在目标解压路径创建文件夹
                File file = new File(dest, entry.toString());
                file.mkdirs();
            } else {//文件解压时在目标解压路径拷贝文件
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(dest, entry.toString()));
                int b;
                while ((b = zip.read()) != -1) {
                    fos.write(b);
                }
            }
        }
        zip.close();
    }

    private static void tozip(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
        ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dest));//创建压缩流
        tozipRun(src,zos, src.getName());//递归部分
        zos.close();
    }

    private static void tozipRun(File src, ZipOutputStream zos, String name) throws IOException {
        File[] files = src.listFiles();//获取src中的文件
        for (File file : files) {
            if (file.isFile()) {
                ZipEntry entry=new ZipEntry(name+"\\"+file.getName());//在压缩包中创建同名文件
                zos.putNextEntry(entry);

                FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(file);//拷贝文件内容
                int b;
                while ((b=fis.read())!=-1){
                    zos.write(b);
                }
                fis.close();
            } else {//文件夹递归调用tozipRun()
                tozipRun(file,zos,name+"\\"+file.getName());
            }
        }
    }
}