python基础知识-pycharm版-第四节

# 字典
#字典创建
a={'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'programmer'}
b=dict(name='gaoqi',age=18,job='programmer')
a=dict([("name","gaoqi"),("age",18)])

k=['name','age','job']
v=['gaoqi','18','teacher']
d=dict(zip(k,v))

a=dict.fromkeys(['name','age','job'])

#字典元素的访问
a={'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'programmer'}
a['age']
a['name']
a['sex']#错误，无key

a.get('name')
a.get('sex')
a.get('sex','一个男人')

a.items()
a.keys()
a.values()
len(a)
'name' in a

#字典元素的访问
a={'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'programmer'}
a['age']
a['name']
a['sex']#错误，无key

a.get('name')
a.get('sex')
a.get('sex','一个男人')

a.items()
a.keys()
a.values()
len(a)
'name' in a

#字典元素添加、修改、删除
a = {'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'programmer'}
a['address']='1号院'
a['age']=16

 a = {'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'programmer'}
b = {'name':'gaoxixi','money':1000,'sex':'男的'}
a.update(b)

a = {'name': 'gaoqi', 'age': 18, 'job': 'programmer'}
del(a['name'])
b=a.pop('age')

a = {'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'programmer'}
a.popitem()

#序列解包
x,y,z=(10,20,30)
#序列解包用于字典
s = {'name':'gaoqi','age':18,'job':'teacher'}
name,age,job=s  #默认对键进行操作
name,age,job=s.items()
name,age,job=s.values()

#表格数据使用字典和列表存储，并实现访问
r1 = {"name":"高小一","age":18,"salary":30000,"city":"北京"}
r2 = {"name":"高小二","age":19,"salary":20000,"city":"上海"}
r3 = {"name":"高小五","age":20,"salary":10000,"city":"深圳"}
tb=[r1,r2,r3]
#获取第二行的人的薪资
print(tb[1].get('salary'))
#打印表中所有的薪资
for i in range(len(tb)):
    print(tb[i].get("salary"))
#打印表的所有数据
for i in range(len(tb)):
    print(tb[i].values(),end='\t')#二者打印出来的内容有所不同
    print(tb[i].get("name"), tb[i].get("age"), tb[i].get("salary"), tb[i].get("city"))

#字典核心底层原理

#集合
#集合创建和删除
a={3,5,7}
a.add(9)
a = ['a','b','c','b']
b = set(a)
b.remove('a')
#集合相关操作
a = {1,3,'sxt'}
b = {'he','it','sxt'}
a|b
a&b
a-b
a.union(b)
a.intersection(b)
a.difference(b)

#控制语句
#单分支结构
#条件表达式中，不能有赋值操作符“=”
num = input("输入一个数字：")
if int(num)<10:
    print(num)
c=10
if 3 < c < 20:
    print("3<", c, "<20")


#双分支选择结构
num = input("输入一个数字：")
if int(num)<10:
    print(num)
else:
    print("数字太大")
#三元条件运算符
num = input("请输入一个数字")
print( num if int(num)<10 else "数字太大")

#多分支选择结构
score=int(input("请输入分数"))
grade=''
if score < 60:
    grade='不及格'
elif score <80:
    grade='及格'
elif score < 90:
    grade ='良好'
elif score <100:
    grade = '优秀'

print("分数是{0}，等级是{1}".format(score,grade))

#循环结构
#while循环
num=0
while num <=10:
    print(num)
    num+=1