Python中的内置difflib模块

1.什么是difflib?

• difflib是python中的标准库模块，无需安装
• 作用：对比文本之间的差异；并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档，与Linux下的diff 命令相似；在版本控制方面非常有用。

2. 符号理解

‘-’	包含在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个。
‘+’	包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个。
’ ’	两个系列行一致
‘?’	存在增量差异
‘^’	存在差异字符

3.difflib的使用

3.1 实现与linux中diff命令类似功能

import difflib

text1 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       2. Explicit is better than implicit.
       3. Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complex is better than complicated. '''.splitlines(keepends=True)

text2 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       3.   Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complicated is better than complex.
       5. Flat is better than nested.
     '''.splitlines(keepends=True)

##splitlines()按照行分割
##返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
##参数：
##keepends=True 保留换行符
##keepends=False 不包含换行符


d = difflib.Differ()

print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))


运行结果：
    1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
-        2. Explicit is better than implicit.
-        3. Simple is better than complex.
+        3.   Simple is better than complex.
?          ++
-        4. Complex is better than complicated. ?                 ^                     ---- ^ ^
+        4. Complicated is better than complex.
?                ++++ ^                      ^ ^
+        5. Flat is better than nested.
+      

3.2 difflib生成html对比文件

import difflib

text1 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       2. Explicit is better than implicit.
       3. Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complex is better than complicated. '''.splitlines(keepends=True)

text2 = '''  1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
       3.   Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complicated is better than complex.
       5. Flat is better than nested.
     '''.splitlines(keepends=True)

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)

with open('diff.html','w') as f:
    f.write(htmlContent)

3.3difflib对比linux下的文件内容

import difflib
filename1 = '/tmp/passwd'
filename2 = '/tmp/passwd1'

with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
    content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
    content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f:
    f.write(htmlContent)