C++ Primer Plus 第六版（中文版）课后编程题----第六章

6.1

该代码我有个疑问：为啥空格无法输出呢？？？（貌似是空格使用 cin 是无法输入的）

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char ch;
	while (cin >> ch && ch != '@')
	{
		if (isdigit(ch))
			continue;
		if (isupper(ch))
			cout << (char)tolower(ch);
		else if (islower(ch))
			cout << (char)toupper(ch);
		else
			cout << ch;
	}

	cout << endl;
	system("pause");	//使用 cin.get() 的缺陷是：不知道有多少空白，所以不知道需要设置多少个 cin.get()，使用该指令更直接。
	return 0;
}</span>

6.2

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>
#include <array>
using namespace std;

const int MaxSize = 10;

int main()
{
	array<double, MaxSize> donation;
	int i = 0, count = 0;
	double sum = 0.0;
	double ave;
	int num_big_than_ave = 0;

	cout << "Please enter numbers: (others to terminate enter)" << endl;
	while (i < MaxSize && cin >> donation[i])
	{
		++count;
		sum += donation[i];
		++i;
	}
	ave = sum / count;

	for (int k = 0; k < count;++k)
	if (donation[k]>ave)
		++num_big_than_ave;

	cout << "You have entered " << count << " numbers.\n";
	cout << "Sum = " << sum << endl;
	cout << "Average = " << ave << endl;
	cout << "There are " << num_big_than_ave << " numbers which are bigger than average.\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}</span>

6.3

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char ch;
	string maple = "";
	cout << "Please enter one of the following choices: " << endl;
	cout << "c) carnivore              p) pianist" << endl;
	cout << "t) tree                   g) game" << endl;

	//该程序中不区分大小写。
	while (maple == "")
	{
		cout << "Please enter a c, p, t or g: ";
		cin >> ch;
		switch (ch)
		{
		case 'c':
		case 'C': maple = "carnivore"; break;
		case 'p':
		case 'P': maple = "pianist"; break;
		case 't':
		case 'T': maple = "tree"; break;
		case 'g':
		case 'G': maple = "game"; break;
		default: ;
		}
	}

	cout << "A maple is a " << maple << ".\n";
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}</span>

6.4

感觉代码有点冗余，哪位高人能指点一下进行优化？

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int strsize = 20;

struct bop
{
	char fullname[strsize];
	char title[strsize];
	char bopname[strsize];
	int preference;
};

int main()
{
	bop bops[5] = {
		{ "Wimp Macho", "Student", "Wimp", 0},
		{ "Raki Rhodes", "Junior Programmer", "Raki", 1},
		{ "Celia Laiter", "Student", "MIPS", 2},
		{ "Hoppy Hipman", "Analyst Trainee", "HOPPY", 1},
		{ "Pat Hand", "Student", "LOOPY", 2}
	};
	cout << "Benevolent Order of Programmers Report:" << endl;
	cout << "a. display by name		b. display by title" << endl;
	cout << "c. display by bopname  d. display by preference" << endl;
	cout << "q. quit" << endl;
	
	char ch;
	cout << "Enter your choice: ";
	cin >> ch;
	while ('q' != ch)
	{		
		switch (ch)
		{
		case 'a': 
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
				cout << bops[i].fullname << endl;
			break;
		case 'b': 
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
				cout << bops[i].title << endl;
			break;
		case 'c':
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
				cout << bops[i].bopname << endl;
			break;
		case 'd':
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
			{
				if (0 == bops[i].preference)
					cout << bops[i].fullname << endl;
				else if (1 == bops[i].preference)
					cout << bops[i].title << endl;
				else if (2 == bops[i].preference)
					cout << bops[i].bopname << endl;
				else
					cout << "Wrong preference! Wrong record!" << endl;
			}
			break;
		}
		cout << "Next choice: ";
		cin >> ch;
	}
	cout << "Goodbye!" << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}</span>

6.5

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int income;
	double tax;
	cout << "Please enter your income: ";
	while ((cin >> income) && income >= 0)
	{
		if (income <= 5000)
			tax = 0.0;
		else if (income <= 15000)
			tax = (double)(income - 5000)*0.10;
		else if (income <= 35000)
			tax = 1000 + (double)(income - 15000)*0.15;
		else
			tax = 4000 + (double)(income - 35000)*0.20;
		cout << "The tax is: " << tax << endl;
		cout << "Please enter again: ";
		cin.clear();	//与前面的整型共同作用忽略了小数，且不让小数点等影响后续的输入。
		cin.sync();
	}
	cout << "Goodbye!" << endl;
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.6

<pre name="code" class="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct donate
{
	string name;
	double fund;
};

int main()
{
	int size;
	int i, k = 0;
	cout << "How many patrons there are? ";
	(cin >> size).get();
	donate* pat = new donate[size];
	cout << "Please enter the information of the patrons:　" << endl;
	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
	{
		cout << "Patron " << i+1 << ":\n";
		getline(cin, pat[i].name);
		(cin >> pat[i].fund).get();
	}

	cout << "Grand Patrons: " << endl;
	for (i = 0; i < size;++i)
	if (pat[i].fund > 10000)
	{
		cout << pat[i].name << "\t" << pat[i].fund << endl;
		++k;
	}
	if (0 == k)
		cout << "None!" << endl;

	cout << "Other Patrons: " << endl;
	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
	if (pat[i].fund <= 10000)
	{
		cout << pat[i].name << "\t" << pat[i].fund << endl;
		++k;
	}
	if (0 == k)
		cout << "None!" << endl;

	system("pause");
	delete[]pat;
	return 0;
}

6.7

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string str;
	int vowels = 0, consonants = 0, others = 0;
	cout << "Enter words (q to quit):" << endl;
	while ((cin >> str) && !(str.size() == 1 && str[0] == 'q'))
	{
		if (!isalpha(str[0]))
			++others;
		else if (str[0] == 'a'
			|| str[0] == 'e'
			|| str[0] == 'i'
			|| str[0] == 'o'
			|| str[0] == 'u')
			++vowels;
		else
			++consonants;
	}
	cout << vowels << " words beginning with vowels" << endl;
	cout << consonants << " words beginning with consonants" << endl;
	cout << others << " others" << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.8

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string filename;
	char c;
	int count = 0;
	ifstream readFile;
	cout << "Please enter the filename: ";
	getline(cin, filename);
	
	readFile.open(filename);
	if (!readFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl;
		cout << "Program terminating.\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	while (readFile >> c)
	{
		++count;
		cout << c << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	if (readFile.eof())
		cout << "End of file reached.\n";
	else if (readFile.fail())
		cout << "Input terminated by data mismatch.\n";
	else
		cout << "Input terminated by unknown reason.\n";

	if (0 == count)
		cout << "No data processed.\n";
	else
		cout << "There are " << count << " characters in the file " << filename << ".\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.9

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

struct donate
{
	string name;
	double fund;
};

int main()
{
	string filename;
	cout << "Please enter the filename: ";
	cin >> filename;
	ifstream infile;
	infile.open(filename);
	if (!infile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << ".\n";
		cout << "Program terminated.\n";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	string temp;
	int size;
	int i, k = 0;
	(infile >> temp).get();
	size = atoi(temp.c_str());
	donate* pat = new donate[size];
	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
	{
		if (!infile.good())
			break;
		getline(infile, pat[i].name);
		(infile >> temp).get();
		pat[i].fund = atoi(temp.c_str());
	}

	if (infile.good())
		cout << "Get the enough data!\n";
	else if (infile.eof())
		cout << "Reach the end of the file.\n";
	else if (infile.fail())
		cout << "Read file error!\n";
	else
		cout << "Unknown error!\n";
	infile.close();

	cout << "Grand Patrons: " << endl;
	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
	if (pat[i].fund > 10000)
	{
		cout << pat[i].name << "\t" << pat[i].fund << endl;
		++k;
	}
	if (0 == k)
		cout << "None!" << endl;

	cout << "Other Patrons: " << endl;
	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
	if (pat[i].fund <= 10000)
	{
		cout << pat[i].name << "\t" << pat[i].fund << endl;
		++k;
	}
	if (0 == k)
		cout << "None!" << endl;

	system("pause");
	delete[]pat;
	return 0;	
}