sysctl: 深入使用Linux的必经之路

设置Sysctl.conf用以提高Linux的性能

Sysctl是一个允许您改变正在运行中的Linux系统的接 口。它包含一些 TCP/IP 堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项， 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。基于这点，sysctl(8) 提供两个功能：读取和修改系统设置。

查看所有可读变量：

% sysctl -a

读一个指定的变量，例如 kern.maxproc：

% sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044

要设置一个指定的变量，直接用 variable=value 这样的语法：

# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000

kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000

您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量，也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统 变量。sysctl.conf 看起来很像 rc.conf。它用 variable=value 的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。

sysctl 变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。 (布尔型用 1 来表示’yes’，用 0 来表示’no’)。

 

sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0

sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1

 

配置sysctl

 

编辑此文件：

 

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

 

如果该文件为空，则输入以下内容，否则请根据情况自己做调整：

 

# Controls source route verification

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1

 

# Disables IP source routing

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0

 

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

 

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

 

# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm

# Only uncomment if needed!

# kernel.shmmax = 67108864

 

# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0

 

# Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1

 

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25

 

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200

 

# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling

net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

 

# Turn on the tcp_sack

net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

 

# tcp_fack should be on because of sack

net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1

 

# Turn on the tcp_timestamps

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1

 

# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

 

# Enable ignoring broadcasts request

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

 

# Enable bad error message Protection

net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

 

# Make more local ports available

# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

 

# Set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′

net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5

 

# Lower syn retry rates

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3

 

# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048

 

# Various Settings

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024

 

# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached

net.core.hot_list_length = 256

 

# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000

 

# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues

net.core.rmem_default = 65535

net.core.rmem_max = 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608

net.core.wmem_default = 65535

net.core.wmem_max = 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608

net.core.optmem_max = 40960

 

如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机，则加入以下代码：

 

# Disable ping requests

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

 

编辑完成后，请执行以下命令使变动立即生效：

 

/sbin/sysctl -p

/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1