FTP服务器简单创建

1. FTP服务器简单创建

1.1. １.环境

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)-amd64

• 查看linux版本:

  [root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/issue
  CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
  Kernel \r on an \m
  [root@localhost vsftpd]# lsb_release -a
  LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
  Distributor ID: CentOS
  Description: CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
  Release: 6.5
  Codename: Final

1.2. 安装vsftpd

• 安装vsftpd

yum install vsftpd

• 安装成功后查看

[root@localhost vsftpd]# rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
vsftpd-2.2.2-21.el6.x86_64

• 开启ftp服务

[root@localhost vsftpd]# service vsftpd start
为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd： [确定]

• 停止ftp服务

[root@localhost vsftpd]# service vsftpd stop
关闭 vsftpd： [确定]

1.3. 创建用户

　　专门创建一个ftp链接的用户，限制其只能通过ftp方式登录，只能访问指定给他的目录。

1.3.1. 创建用户

• 创建分组,用于存放ftp用户(可以省略)

groupadd ftpgroups

• 创建ftp用户，并加入ftpgroups组，/home/ftp是自己建的目录，不存在就自己创建一个(目录自己定义)

useradd -d /home/ftp/ftptest -g ftpgroups ftptest

　　-d 后面是指定用户目录的 -g 分配所属组 (如果没创建上面的组 可以省略-g 及后面的组名 ftpgroups)

• 给用户授权文件夹的写权限(我做的需要上传文件)

chmod -R 755 /home/ftp

1.3.2. 设置密码

passwd ftptest

　　输入两次密码

1.3.3. 设置不允许用于登录

usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftptest

　　没设置这个的时候,虽然没有ssh的登录权限,但是用xshell链接的时候会进入~bash对其他文件进行操作.

1.4. 配置vsftpd

　　安装vsftpd之后,在/etc/vsftpd 下有三个配置文件:

-rw——- 1 root root 125 2月 8 14:46 ftpusers
-rw——- 1 root root 384 2月 8 15:35 user_list
-rw——- 1 root root 4765 2月 8 16:35 vsftpd.conf
-rwxr–r– 1 root root 338 5月 11 2016 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh

1.4.1. 配置文件

• ftpusers 可以简单理解为黑名单,其中的用户不能访问ftp,总是生效的
• user_list 与 vsftpd.conf中的配置userlist_enable=YES 和 userlist_deny=NO功能使用,可以设置成黑名单,白名单(只有此文件里的用户才能使用ftp),具体设置看下面
• vsftpd.conf 主配置文件

修改一下配置文件让其只能访问自身目录

vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

如下设置

chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

chroot_list 文件自己创建，如果需要让某些用户可以访问其他目录，就把用户加到这个文件中

解释一下userlist_enable=YES,userlist_deny=NO
userlist_enable 为YES时user_list文件有效,NO 则不生效
userlist_deny 为YES时user_list文件为黑名单,NO为白名单

通过配置指定user_list

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

2. 我的配置

ftpusers 不变
chroot_list 创建了内容为空
user_list 修改为

# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
#root
#bin
#daemon
#adm
#lp
#sync
#shutdown
#halt
#mail
#news
#uucp
#operator
#games
#nobody
ftptest

vsftpd.conf修改为

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

3. JAVA上传下载

3.1. java需要的jar

commons-io-2.1.jar
commons-net-1.4.1.jar

3.2. java代码demo

package ftp;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient;


public class FtpTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        testUpload(); 
        testDownload(); 
    } 

    /** 
     * FTP上传单个文件测试 
     */ 
    public static void testUpload() { 
        FTPClient ftpClient = new FTPClient(); 
        FileInputStream fis = null; 

        try { 
            ftpClient.connect("192.168.0.1"); 
            System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
            ftpClient.login("username", "password"); 
            System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
            File srcFile = new File("C:\\Users\\jk\\Desktop\\img.jpg"); 
            System.out.println(srcFile.exists());
            fis = new FileInputStream(srcFile); 
            //设置上传目录 
            ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory("/admin"); 
            System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
            ftpClient.setBufferSize(1024); 
            System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
            ftpClient.setControlEncoding("GBK"); 
            System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
            //设置文件类型（二进制） 
            ftpClient.setFileType(FTPClient.BINARY_FILE_TYPE); 
            System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
            ftpClient.storeFile("5.gif", fis); 
            System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
            throw new RuntimeException("FTP客户端出错！", e); 
        } finally { 
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(fis); 
            try { 
                ftpClient.disconnect(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
                throw new RuntimeException("关闭FTP连接发生异常！", e); 
            } 
        } 
    } 

    /** 
     * FTP下载单个文件测试 
     */ 
    public static void testDownload() { 
        FTPClient ftpClient = new FTPClient(); 
        FileOutputStream fos = null; 

        try { 
            ftpClient.connect("192.168.0.1"); 
            System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
            ftpClient.login("username", "password"); 
            System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());

            String remoteFileName = "/3.gif"; 
            fos = new FileOutputStream("C:/Users/jk/Desktop/3.jpg"); 

            ftpClient.setBufferSize(1024); 
            System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
            //设置文件类型（二进制） 
            ftpClient.setFileType(FTPClient.BINARY_FILE_TYPE); 
            System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
            ftpClient.retrieveFile(remoteFileName, fos); 
            System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
            throw new RuntimeException("FTP客户端出错！", e); 
        } finally { 
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(fos); 
            try { 
                ftpClient.disconnect(); 
                System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
                throw new RuntimeException("关闭FTP连接发生异常！", e); 
            } 
        } 
    } 
}

3.3. 其他（我没有用到,服务器之前就用着）

如果还是登陆不了ftp，那很有可能是selinux的问题，这个东西把他关掉就行

vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=enforcing 设置成SELINUX=disabled

重启一下服务器

reboot

重启完了别忘了把vsftpd服务打开，默认是自启的。

如果连接不上，很可能是防火墙阻止了，尝试关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
firewall-cmd –state #查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）

如果出现远程文件夹无法显示的情况，请使用主动模式连接，在你的ftp工具上设置。

3.4. linux下ftp配置文件详解

# 匿名用户配置   
anonymous_enable=YES         # 是否允许匿名ftp,如否则选择NO   
anon_upload_enable=YES       # 匿名用户是否能上传   
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES  # 匿名用户是否能创建目录   
anon_other_write_enable=YES  # 修改文件名和删除文件   

# 本地用户配置   
local_enable=YES # 是否允许本地用户登录   
local_umask=022  # umask 默认755   
write_enable=YES   

chroot_local_user=YES  # 本地用户禁锢在宿主目录中   
chroot_list_enable=YES # 是否将系统用户限止在自己的home目录下   
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # 列出的是不chroot的用户的列表   

chown_upload=YES  # 是否改变上传文件的属主   
chown_username=username # 如果是需要输入一个系统用户名   

userlist_enable=YES   
userlist_deny=NO   

deny_email_enable=YES # 是否允许禁止匿名用户使用某些邮件地址   
banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # 禁止邮件地址的文件路径   

ftpd_banner=Welcome to chenlf FTP service. # 定制欢迎信息   
dirmessage_enable=YES # 是否显示目录说明文件, 需要收工创建.message文件   
message_file= # 设置访问一个目录时获得的目录信息文件的文件名,默认是.message   

xferlog_enable=YES # 是否记录ftp传输过程   
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # ftp传输日志的路径和名字   
xferlog_std_format=YES # 是否使用标准的ftp xferlog模式   

ascii_upload_enable=YES   # 是否使用ascii码方式上传文件   
ascii_download_enable=YES # 是否使用ascii码方式下载文件   

connect_from_port_20=YES # 是否确信端口传输来自20(ftp-data)   

nopriv_user=ftpsecure # 运行vsftpd需要的非特权系统用户默认是nobody   

async_abor_enable=YES # 是否允许运行特殊的ftp命令async ABOR.   

# FTP服务器的资源限制   

idle_session_timeout=600 # 设置session超时时间   
data_connection_timeout=120 # 设置数据传输超时时间   

max_clients=50 # 用户最大连接数 默认是0不限止   
max_per_ip=5   # 每个IP地址最大连接数   

anon_max_rate=102400  # 匿名的下载速度 KB   
local_max_rate=102400 # 普通用户的下载速度 KB   

其他配置文件   

/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd   

service ftp   
{   
socket_type = stream   
wait = no   
user = root   
server = /usr/local/sbin/vsftpd   
# server_args =   
# log_on_success += DURATION USERID   
# log_on_failure += USERID   
nice = 10   
disable = no   
}   

/etc/pam.d/vsftpd   
PAM 认证   

/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list   
此文件包含对服务器上所有FTP内容有权限的用户名。对其他用户来说，他们在服务器上的主目录对他们显示为根目录。   

/etc/shells   
在允许本地用户登录之前，系统默认检查是否有有效的用户 shell。以防 PAM 认证不可用的情况。   
/etc/ftpusers   
此文件包含*禁止*FTP登录的用户名，通常有 "root"， "uucp"， "news" 之类，因为这些用户权限太高，登录 FTP 误操作危险性大。   

防火墙设置   

如果是用默认的SuSEFirewall2，在 YaST-系统-/etc/sysconfig 编辑器，network-SuSEfirewall2   

把 ftp 添加到 FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP，比如你还要打开 ssh 那么   

FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP "ftp ssh"   

如果你需要被动模式 FTP 和 nat，在 YaST-系统-/etc/sysconfig 编辑器，network-SuSEfirewall2   

FW_LOAD_MODULES "ip_conntrack_ftp ip_nat_ftp"   


另一种方式直接修改防火墙配置文件：   
# cd /etc/sysconfig/   
# vi SuSEfirewall2   
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP "ftp 21 telnet 23"