在上篇博文《深入浅出学习Struts框架(一):一个简单mvc模式代码示例开始》中简单说了一下MVC模式代码的实现和MVC模式和三层架构的区别,并且留下一个问题—如何去掉TestServlet中的IF-Else语句块。
因为在TestServlet中出现了If-Else语句块,所以让程序变得不再灵活,让应付需求变化时变得笨拙。所以就承接上篇文章来重构一下TestServlet代码,主要是用继承多肽来进一步对TestServlet进行重构。虽然这一篇文章最后没有将if-else彻底去掉,但是比起上篇文章的代码显得更加灵活,也为下一篇彻底去掉If-else埋下伏笔。
下面进入重构阶段:
先看一下上篇文章的TestServlet代码:
package com.cjq.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String requestURI=request.getRequestURI(); System.out.println("request="+requestURI); String path=requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf("/",1),requestURI.indexOf(".")); System.out.println("path="+path); String username=request.getParameter("username"); UserManager userManager=new UserManager(); //userManager.addUser(username); String forward=""; if("/servlet/delUser".equals(path)){ userManager.delUser(username); forward="/del_success.jsp"; }else if("/servlet/addUser".equals(path)){ userManager.addUser(username); forward="/add_success.jsp"; }else if("/servlet/modifyUser".equals(path)){ userManager.modifyUser(username); forward="/modify_success.jsp"; }else if("/servlet/queryUser".equals(path)){ List userList=userManager.queryUser(username); request.setAttribute("userList", userList); forward="/query_success.jsp"; }else{ throw new RuntimeException("请求失败"); } request.getRequestDispatcher(forward).forward(request, response); } }
首先我们看到了在每个语句块中都出现了给forward赋值,其实也就是给页面跳转的路径赋值,针对每个请求路径判断来赋值跳转路径。另外每个IF-Else语句块中都有业务处理,我们要把这些业务处理分别放到类里面,让职责更加单一,这样更加符合面向对象的思路。
就从这里我们开始重构,我们可以将这个跳转路径和业务逻辑封装起来。
既然封装,那么我们就抽象出来一个借口,主要完成一个方法,这个方法主要的功能就是要完成业务逻辑封装和路径跳转的返回。随后建立四个类,主要实现相应的增删改查的业务处理和处理之后的跳转路径返回。
代码如下:
接口Action:
package com.cjq.servlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public interface Action { public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception; }
增删改查实现类:
添加用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class AddUserAction implements Action {
public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String username=request.getParameter("username");
UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
userManager.addUser(username);
return "/add_success.jsp";
}
}
删除用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class DelUserAction implements Action { public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String username=request.getParameter("username"); UserManager userManager=new UserManager(); userManager.delUser(username); return "/del_success.jsp"; } }
更新用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class ModifyUserAction implements Action { @Override public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String username=request.getParameter("username"); UserManager userManager=new UserManager(); userManager.modifyUser(username); return "/modify_success.jsp"; } }
查询用户实现类:
package com.cjq.servlet; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class QueryUserAction implements Action { @Override public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String username=request.getParameter("username"); UserManager userManager=new UserManager(); List userList=userManager.queryUser(username); request.setAttribute("userList", userList); return "/query_success.jsp"; } }
TestServlet类重构如下:
package com.cjq.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String requestURI=request.getRequestURI(); System.out.println("request="+requestURI); String path=requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf("/",1),requestURI.indexOf(".")); System.out.println("path="+path); Action action=null; if("/servlet/delUser".equals(path)){ action=new DelUserAction(); }else if("/servlet/addUser".equals(path)){ action=new AddUserAction(); }else if("/servlet/modifyUser".equals(path)){ action=new ModifyUserAction(); }else if("/servlet/queryUser".equals(path)){ action=new QueryUserAction(); }else{ throw new RuntimeException("请求失败"); } String forward=null; try{ forward=action.execute(request, response); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } request.getRequestDispatcher(forward).forward(request, response); } }
运行结果:
这样TestServlet类虽然没有彻底去掉If-Else,但是这样的代码变得更加简练,利用多肽实现业务逻辑处理和路径跳转返回。职责更加清晰,让维护变得更加轻松。
问题遗留:
If-else语句块没有彻底剔除,而且程序中依旧出现了过多的字符串,所以程序依旧是不灵活,而且字符串过多增加调试的复杂性。所以下一篇文章就把if-else语句块剔除,并且把字符串放到配置文件来用dom4j来动态读取。
我们离Struts框架越来越近,当我们把if-else和字符串剔除之后就会出现Struts框架的雏形。期待下一篇文章。