在上篇博文《深入浅出学习Struts1框架(一):一个简单mvc模式代码示例开始》中简单说了一下MVC模式代码的实现和MVC模式和三层架构的区别,并且留下一个问题—如何去掉TestServlet中的IF-Else语句块。
因为在TestServlet中出现了If-Else语句块,所以让程序变得不再灵活,让应付需求变化时变得笨拙。所以就承接上篇文章来重构一下TestServlet代码,主要是用继承多肽来进一步对TestServlet进行重构。虽然这一篇文章最后没有将if-else彻底去掉,但是比起上篇文章的代码显得更加灵活,也为下一篇彻底去掉If-else埋下伏笔。
下面进入重构阶段:
先看一下上篇文章的TestServlet代码:
- package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.List;
-
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
-
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
-
- String requestURI=request.getRequestURI();
- System.out.println("request="+requestURI);
- String path=requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf("/",1),requestURI.indexOf("."));
- System.out.println("path="+path);
-
- String username=request.getParameter("username");
- UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
-
- String forward="";
- if("/servlet/delUser".equals(path)){
- userManager.delUser(username);
- forward="/del_success.jsp";
- }else if("/servlet/addUser".equals(path)){
- userManager.addUser(username);
- forward="/add_success.jsp";
- }else if("/servlet/modifyUser".equals(path)){
- userManager.modifyUser(username);
- forward="/modify_success.jsp";
- }else if("/servlet/queryUser".equals(path)){
- List userList=userManager.queryUser(username);
- request.setAttribute("userList", userList);
- forward="/query_success.jsp";
- }else{
- throw new RuntimeException("请求失败");
- }
- request.getRequestDispatcher(forward).forward(request, response);
- }
- }
首先我们看到了在每个语句块中都出现了给forward赋值,其实也就是给页面跳转的路径赋值,针对每个请求路径判断来赋值跳转路径。另外每个IF-Else语句块中都有业务处理,我们要把这些业务处理分别放到类里面,让职责更加单一,这样更加符合面向对象的思路。
就从这里我们开始重构,我们可以将这个跳转路径和业务逻辑封装起来。
既然封装,那么我们就抽象出来一个借口,主要完成一个方法,这个方法主要的功能就是要完成业务逻辑封装和路径跳转的返回。随后建立四个类,主要实现相应的增删改查的业务处理和处理之后的跳转路径返回。
代码如下:
接口Action:
- package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public interface Action {
-
- public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
- throws Exception;
- }
增删改查实现类:
添加用户实现类:
- <pre name="code" class="java">package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public class AddUserAction implements Action {
-
-
- public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- String username=request.getParameter("username");
- UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
- userManager.addUser(username);
- return "/add_success.jsp";
- }
-
- }</pre><br><br>
删除用户实现类:
- package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public class DelUserAction implements Action {
-
-
- public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- String username=request.getParameter("username");
- UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
- userManager.delUser(username);
- return "/del_success.jsp";
- }
-
- }
更新用户实现类:
- package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public class ModifyUserAction implements Action {
-
- @Override
- public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- String username=request.getParameter("username");
- UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
- userManager.modifyUser(username);
- return "/modify_success.jsp";
- }
-
- }
查询用户实现类:
- package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import java.util.List;
-
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public class QueryUserAction implements Action {
-
- @Override
- public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- String username=request.getParameter("username");
- UserManager userManager=new UserManager();
- List userList=userManager.queryUser(username);
- request.setAttribute("userList", userList);
- return "/query_success.jsp";
- }
-
- }
TestServlet类重构如下:
- package com.cjq.servlet;
-
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.List;
-
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
-
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
-
- String requestURI=request.getRequestURI();
- System.out.println("request="+requestURI);
- String path=requestURI.substring(requestURI.indexOf("/",1),requestURI.indexOf("."));
- System.out.println("path="+path);
-
- Action action=null;
- if("/servlet/delUser".equals(path)){
- action=new DelUserAction();
- }else if("/servlet/addUser".equals(path)){
- action=new AddUserAction();
- }else if("/servlet/modifyUser".equals(path)){
- action=new ModifyUserAction();
- }else if("/servlet/queryUser".equals(path)){
- action=new QueryUserAction();
- }else{
- throw new RuntimeException("请求失败");
- }
- String forward=null;
- try{
- forward=action.execute(request, response);
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- request.getRequestDispatcher(forward).forward(request, response);
- }
- }
运行结果:
这样TestServlet类虽然没有彻底去掉If-Else,但是这样的代码变得更加简练,利用多肽实现业务逻辑处理和路径跳转返回。职责更加清晰,让维护变得更加轻松。
问题遗留:
If-else语句块没有彻底剔除,而且程序中依旧出现了过多的字符串,所以程序依旧是不灵活,而且字符串过多增加调试的复杂性。所以下一篇文章就把if-else语句块剔除,并且把字符串放到配置文件来用dom4j来动态读取。
我们离Struts框架越来越近,当我们把if-else和字符串剔除之后就会出现Struts框架的雏形。期待下一篇文章