oracle 闪回恢复区的空间管理

闪回恢复区中添加或删除文件等变化都将记录在数据库的 alert 日志中，Oracle 10g 也针对该新特性提供了一个新的视图， DBA_OUTSTANDING_ALERTS，通过该视图可以得到相关的信息。

 

SQL>  DESC dba_outstanding_alerts

 名称                                      是否为空? 类型

 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 

 SEQUENCE_ID                                        NUMBER

 REASON_ID                                 NOT NULL NUMBER

 OWNER                                              VARCHAR2(30)

 OBJECT_NAME                                        VARCHAR2(513)

 SUBOBJECT_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)

 OBJECT_TYPE                                        VARCHAR2(64)

 REASON                                             VARCHAR2(4000)

 TIME_SUGGESTED                                     TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE

 CREATION_TIME                                      TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE

 SUGGESTED_ACTION                                   VARCHAR2(4000)

 ADVISOR_NAME                                       VARCHAR2(30)

 METRIC_VALUE                                       NUMBER

 MESSAGE_TYPE                                       VARCHAR2(12)

 MESSAGE_GROUP                                      VARCHAR2(64)

 MESSAGE_LEVEL                                      NUMBER

 HOSTING_CLIENT_ID                                  VARCHAR2(64)

 MODULE_ID                                          VARCHAR2(64)

 PROCESS_ID                                         VARCHAR2(128)

 HOST_ID                                            VARCHAR2(256)

 HOST_NW_ADDR                                       VARCHAR2(256)

 INSTANCE_NAME                                      VARCHAR2(16)

 INSTANCE_NUMBER                                    NUMBER

 USER_ID                                            VARCHAR2(30)

 EXECUTION_CONTEXT_ID                               VARCHAR2(128)

 ERROR_INSTANCE_ID                                  VARCHAR2(142)

 

 

在闪回恢复区中的空间使用超过 85% 的时候，数据库将会向 alert 文件中写入告警信息。而当超过 97% 的时候将会写入严重告警信息。当闪回恢复区空间不够的时候，Oracle将报告如下类似的错误：

ORA-19809: limit exceeded for recovery files

ORA-19804: cannot reclaim 52428800 bytes disk space from 1258291200 limit

 

这个时候查询 dba_outstanding_alerts：

SQL> select reason,object_type,suggested_action from dba_outstanding_alerts;

 

REASON                         OBJECT_TYPE          SUGGESTED_ACTION

------------------------------ -------------------- ----------------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest_size of  RECOVERY AREA        Add disk space and increase db_recovery_

1258291200 bytes is 88.20% use                      file_dest_size, backup files to tertiary

d and has 148509184 remaining                        device, delete files from recovery area

bytes available.                                     using RMAN, consider changing RMAN rete

                                                    ntion policy or consider changing RMAN a

                                                    rchivelog deletion policy.

 

 

同时，oracle在alert中还会给出解决该问题的建议
************************************************************************
You have following choices to free up space from flash recovery area:
1. Consider changing RMAN RETENTION POLICY. If you are using Data Guard,then consider changing RMAN ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY.
2. Back up files to tertiary device such as tape using RMANB ACKUP RECOVERY AREA command.
3. Add disk space and increase db_recovery_file_dest_size parameter to reflect the new space.
4. Delete unnecessary files using RMAN DELETE command. If an operating system command was used to delete files, then use RMAN CROSSCHECK and DELETE EXPIRED commands.
************************************************************************

 

V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST视图 包含闪回恢复区的相关信息：

SQL> desc V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

 名称                                      是否为空? 类型

 ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------

 

 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)

 SPACE_LIMIT                                        NUMBER

 SPACE_USED                                         NUMBER

 SPACE_RECLAIMABLE                                  NUMBER

 NUMBER_OF_FILES                                    NUMBER

 

SQL> select * from v$recovery_file_dest;
NAME  SPACE_LIMIT SPACE_USED SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES

---------- ----------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------

    4039114752          0                 0               0

 

通过查询视图v$flash_recovery_area_usage，可以获得当前闪回恢复区的空间使用情况，并且可以知道是哪些文件占中了空间，据此可以做出相应的处理，或者加大闪回恢复区，或者移走相应的文件。

SQL> select * from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;
FILE_TYPE     PERCENT_SPACE_USED PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE

-------------------- ------------------ -------------------------

CONTROL FILE           0                         0

REDO LOG               0                         0

ARCHIVED LOG          0                         0

BACKUP PIECE           0                         0

IMAGE COPY             0                         0

FLASHBACK LOG        0                         0

FOREIGN ARCHIVED LOG     0                         0

 

如果闪回恢复区空间耗尽，且归档路径设置到了闪回恢复区中，则由于日志无法归档，数据库会hang住。所以，对于生产库，如果将归档放到闪回恢复区中，需要密切关注闪回恢复区的空间使用情况，否则一旦闪回恢复区的空间用尽，将导致数据库无法提供服务。