Hibernate继承关系映射

Hibernate继承关系映射

Hibernate会有三种映射方式
下面将会根据这个例子来进行举例

根据建立的表的个数
1、每个具体的类建一张表（即子类建两张表）

1. 关系数据模型不支持域模型中的继承关系和多态
2. 每个子类对应的表中同时存在父类继承的属性和自己特有的属性
3. 如果父类不是抽象类并且也需要被持久化，还需要为父类建立对应的表
   配置文件配置：
   该种方式是需要两张表，两个配置文件的，另一个子类的配置文件类似

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
                                   "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate.entity">
	<class name="SalariedEmployee" table="salariedemployee">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<property name="salary"></property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

注解配置
父类：

@MappedSuperclass
public class Employee {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator = "generator_employee")
	@GenericGenerator(name = "generator_employee",strategy = "increment")
	private int id;
	private String name;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

子类：

package com.hibernate.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="houremployee")
public class HourEmployee extends Employee{
	
	private Double rate;

	public Double getRate() {
		return rate;
	}

	public void setRate(Double rate) {
		this.rate = rate;
	}
	
}

2、父类建立一张表

1. 关系数据模型支持继承关系和多态
2. 在表中加入额外的字段区分子类的类型，表中包含父类和所有子类的属性对应的字段
3. 支持多态查询，就是从数据库中检索父类对象时，同时包含所有子类的对象

只使用一张表

通过配置文件来实现映射需要用到两个

1. discriminator 必须要紧跟id元素，column属性为字段名称
2. subclass 指定子类的相关配置
   ①discriminator-value要指定该区分字段的内容
   ②注意，如果父类也是需要持久化的，那么也需要指定该属性值是什么？

多态查询：可以通过指定子类的不同类型从而获取到不同的子类对象，注意要根据记录用对应对象接收。

SalariedEmployee employee = session.get(SalariedEmployee.class, new Integer(1));

配置文件配置。也只需要一个配置文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
                                   "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate.entity2">
	<class name="Employee" table="employee">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		<!-- 紧跟id元素，指定区分的属性是哪一个 -->
		<discriminator column="employee_type"></discriminator>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<!-- 子类的配置 -->
		<subclass name="HourlyEmployee" discriminator-value="HE"> 
			<property name="rate"></property>
		</subclass>
		<subclass name="SalariedEmployee" discriminator-value="SE">
			<property name="salary"></property>
		</subclass>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

注解配置：
父类：

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
@DiscriminatorColumn(name = "employee_type")
public class Employee {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator = "increment_generator")
	@GenericGenerator(name = "increment_generator",strategy = "increment")
	private int id;
	private String name;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

子类
因为只有一张表，就是需要指定该类型对应的type类型是什么。

@Entity
@DiscriminatorValue(value = "HE")
public class HourEmployee extends Employee{
	
	private Double rate;

	public Double getRate() {
		return rate;
	}

	public void setRate(Double rate) {
		this.rate = rate;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "HourEmployee [rate=" + rate + ", getId()=" + getId() + ", getName()=" + getName() + "]";
	}
	
}

@Entity
@DiscriminatorValue(value = "SE")
public class SalariedEmployee extends Employee{
	private Double salary;

	public Double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(Double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "SalariedEmployee [salary=" + salary + ", getId()=" + getId() + ", getName()=" + getName() + "]";
	}

	
}

3、每个类建立一张表

要注意这种方式是基于数据库表中已经存在了主外键关系才可以，要现在数据库表中设计好了主外键关系，再在配置文件中指定

1. 映射文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
                                   "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate.entity3">
	<class name="Employee" table="employee1">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<joined-subclass name="HourEmployee" table="houremployee1">
			<key column="EMPLOYEEID"></key>
			<property name="rate"></property>
		</joined-subclass>
		<joined-subclass name="SalariedEmployee" table="salariedemployee1">
			<key column="EMPLOYEEID"></key>
			<property name="salary"></property>
		</joined-subclass>
	</class>


</hibernate-mapping>

2. 注解配置
   父类

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee1")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
public class Employee {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator = "increment_generator")
	@GenericGenerator(name = "increment_generator",strategy = "increment")
	private int id;
	private String name;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

子类：

@Entity 
@Table(name = "houremployee1")
@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "EMPLOYEEID")
public class HourEmployee extends Employee{
	
	private Double rate;

	public Double getRate() {
		return rate;
	}

	public void setRate(Double rate) {
		this.rate = rate;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "HourEmployee [rate=" + rate + ", getId()=" + getId() + ", getName()=" + getName() + "]";
	}
}

三种映射方式的对比