1. 简单介绍
thrift是一个软件框架，用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎，以构建在 C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 这些编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。
2. 下载与安装
注意，我们要把exe和tar文件都下载下来，exe用来编译你的thrift中间语言，而tar解压后，我们可以看到csharp,php,java,js等多种开发语言的实例代码，对我们很有帮助的，下载最新版，其中包含lib文件库，包含各种语言需要的类库；
下载之后，我们把exe文件可放在C盘，建个Thrift目录，把它放入，然后可以配置一下环境变量；将thrift的文件夹路径添加到path变量中；
3. 编写thrift文件
首先编写：tutorial.thrift
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
# Thrift Tutorial
# Mark Slee (mcslee@facebook.com)
#
# This file aims to teach you how to use Thrift, in a .thrift file. Neato. The
# first thing to notice is that .thrift files support standard shell comments.
# This lets you make your thrift file executable and include your Thrift build
# step on the top line. And you can place comments like this anywhere you like.
#
# Before running this file, you will need to have installed the thrift compiler
# into /usr/local/bin.
/**
* The first thing to know about are types. The available types in Thrift are:
*
* bool Boolean, one byte
* byte Signed byte
* i16 Signed 16-bit integer
* i32 Signed 32-bit integer
* i64 Signed 64-bit integer
* double 64-bit floating point value
* string String
* binary Blob (byte array)
* map<t1,t2> Map from one type to another
* list<t1> Ordered list of one type
* set<t1> Set of unique elements of one type
*
* Did you also notice that Thrift supports C style comments?
*/
// Just in case you were wondering... yes. We support simple C comments too.
/**
* Thrift files can reference other Thrift files to include common struct
* and service definitions. These are found using the current path, or by
* searching relative to any paths specified with the -I compiler flag.
*
* Included objects are accessed using the name of the .thrift file as a
* prefix. i.e. shared.SharedObject
*/
include "shared.thrift"
/**
* Thrift files can namespace, package, or prefix their output in various
* target languages.
*/
namespace cpp tutorial
namespace d tutorial
namespace java tutorial
namespace php tutorial
namespace perl tutorial
namespace haxe tutorial
/**
* Thrift lets you do typedefs to get pretty names for your types. Standard
* C style here.
*/
typedef i32 MyInteger
/**
* Thrift also lets you define constants for use across languages. Complex
* types and structs are specified using JSON notation.
*/
const i32 INT32CONSTANT = 9853
const map<string,string> MAPCONSTANT = {'hello':'world', 'goodnight':'moon'}
/**
* You can define enums, which are just 32 bit integers. Values are optional
* and start at 1 if not supplied, C style again.
*/
enum Operation {
ADD = 1,
SUBTRACT = 2,
MULTIPLY = 3,
DIVIDE = 4
}
/**
* Structs are the basic complex data structures. They are comprised of fields
* which each have an integer identifier, a type, a symbolic name, and an
* optional default value.
*
* Fields can be declared "optional", which ensures they will not be included
* in the serialized output if they aren't set. Note that this requires some
* manual management in some languages.
*/
struct Work {
1: i32 num1 = 0,
2: i32 num2,
3: Operation op,
4: optional string comment,
}
/**
* Structs can also be exceptions, if they are nasty.
*/
exception InvalidOperation {
1: i32 whatOp,
2: string why
}
/**
* Ahh, now onto the cool part, defining a service. Services just need a name
* and can optionally inherit from another service using the extends keyword.
*/
service Calculator extends shared.SharedService {
/**
* A method definition looks like C code. It has a return type, arguments,
* and optionally a list of exceptions that it may throw. Note that argument
* lists and exception lists are specified using the exact same syntax as
* field lists in struct or exception definitions.
*/
void ping(),
i32 add(1:i32 num1, 2:i32 num2),
i32 calculate(1:i32 logid, 2:Work w) throws (1:InvalidOperation ouch),
/**
* This method has a oneway modifier. That means the client only makes
* a request and does not listen for any response at all. Oneway methods
* must be void.
*/
oneway void zip()
}
/**
* That just about covers the basics. Take a look in the test/ folder for more
* detailed examples. After you run this file, your generated code shows up
* in folders with names gen-<language>. The generated code isn't too scary
* to look at. It even has pretty indentation.
*/附上 shared.thrift
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
/**
* This Thrift file can be included by other Thrift files that want to share
* these definitions.
*/
namespace cpp shared
namespace d share // "shared" would collide with the eponymous D keyword.
namespace java shared
namespace perl shared
namespace php shared
namespace haxe shared
struct SharedStruct {
1: i32 key
2: string value
}
service SharedService {
SharedStruct getStruct(1: i32 key)
}
2、输入编译命令，将接口文件编译对应的语言java、nodejs；
3.JavaServer文件代码
4、配置需要的lib类库，编辑pom.xml文件，必备的类库有libthrift和slf4j-api
5、用java目录下的keytool生成证书；
6、nodejs客户端命令行窗口显示：
>thrift -r --gen java tutorial.thrift
>thrift -r --gen js:node tutorial.thrift
3、可以在当前目录下看到对应生成的文件夹gen-java、gen-nodejs；
4. 创建Java语言的服务器
1、在eclipse新建MavenProject名为thrift
2、创建CalculatorHandler.java和JavaServer.java文件。代码如下:
CalculatorHandler.java
package tutorial.impl;
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE
* file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
* an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
import java.util.HashMap;
import shared.SharedStruct;
// Generated code
import tutorial.Calculator;
import tutorial.InvalidOperation;
import tutorial.Work;
public class CalculatorHandler implements Calculator.Iface {
private HashMap<Integer, SharedStruct> log;
public CalculatorHandler() {
log = new HashMap<Integer, SharedStruct>();
}
public void ping() {
System.out.println("ping()");
}
public int add(int n1, int n2) {
System.out.println("add(" + n1 + "," + n2 + ")");
return n1 + n2;
}
public int calculate(int logid, Work work) throws InvalidOperation {
System.out.println("calculate(" + logid + ", {" + work.op + "," + work.num1 + "," + work.num2 + "})");
int val = 0;
switch (work.op) {
case ADD:
val = work.num1 + work.num2;
break;
case SUBTRACT:
val = work.num1 - work.num2;
break;
case MULTIPLY:
val = work.num1 * work.num2;
break;
case DIVIDE:
if (work.num2 == 0) {
InvalidOperation io = new InvalidOperation();
io.whatOp = work.op.getValue();
io.why = "Cannot divide by 0";
throw io;
}
val = work.num1 / work.num2;
break;
default:
InvalidOperation io = new InvalidOperation();
io.whatOp = work.op.getValue();
io.why = "Unknown operation";
throw io;
}
SharedStruct entry = new SharedStruct();
entry.key = logid;
entry.value = Integer.toString(val);
log.put(logid, entry);
return val;
}
public SharedStruct getStruct(int key) {
System.out.println("getStruct(" + key + ")");
return log.get(key);
}
public void zip() {
System.out.println("zip()");
}
}
3.JavaServer文件代码
package Server;
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE
* file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
* an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer.Args;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSSLTransportFactory;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSSLTransportFactory.TSSLTransportParameters;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;
// Generated code
import tutorial.Calculator;
import tutorial.impl.CalculatorHandler;
public class JavaServer {
public static CalculatorHandler handler;
public static Calculator.Processor processor;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
handler = new CalculatorHandler();
processor = new Calculator.Processor(handler);
Runnable simple = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
simple(processor);
}
};
Runnable secure = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
secure(processor);
}
};
new Thread(simple).start();
new Thread(secure).start();
} catch (Exception x) {
x.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void simple(Calculator.Processor processor) {
try {
TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket(9090);
TServer server = new TSimpleServer(new Args(serverTransport).processor(processor));
// Use this for a multithreaded server
// TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(new TThreadPoolServer.Args(serverTransport).processor(processor));
System.out.println("Starting the simple server...");
server.serve();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void secure(Calculator.Processor processor) {
try {
/*
* Use TSSLTransportParameters to setup the required SSL parameters. In this example we are setting the keystore
* and the keystore password. Other things like algorithms, cipher suites, client auth etc can be set.
*/
TSSLTransportParameters params = new TSSLTransportParameters();
// The Keystore contains the private key
params.setKeyStore("c:/.mykeystore", "jinking", null, null);
/*
* Use any of the TSSLTransportFactory to get a server transport with the appropriate SSL configuration. You can
* use the default settings if properties are set in the command line. Ex: -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=.keystore and
* -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=thrift
*
* Note: You need not explicitly call open(). The underlying server socket is bound on return from the factory
* class.
*/
TServerTransport serverTransport = TSSLTransportFactory.getServerSocket(9091, 0, null, params);
TServer server = new TSimpleServer(new Args(serverTransport).processor(processor));
// Use this for a multi threaded server
// TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(new TThreadPoolServer.Args(serverTransport).processor(processor));
System.out.println("Starting the secure server...");
server.serve();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、配置需要的lib类库，编辑pom.xml文件，必备的类库有libthrift和slf4j-api
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
<version>0.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>5、用java目录下的keytool生成证书；
>keytool -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias myalias -file certreq.txt -keystore c:\.mykeystore
代码相应的修改成你生成的秘钥，红色字体标出；
params.setKeyStore("c:/.mykeystore", <span style="color:#ff0000;">"jinking"</span>, null, null);6、运行javaServer.java文件，可以看到如下界面；
5. 创建nodejs版的客户端
1、首先就是要搭建nodejs环境和npm和express、安装对应模块；这个可以去网上搜索一下；不在此叙述；
可能会报错：Error: Cannot find module 'thrift' 和 Error: Cannot find module 'node-int64' 、Error: Cannot find module 'q'
则需要输入下面的目录安装对应的模块：
npm install -g node-int64 和 npm install -g thrift 、 npm install -g q
2、新建工程目录client；
3、讲lib下的nodejs类库和gen-nodejs，拷贝到根目录下，路径如下：
4、创建NodeClient.js文件
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
var thrift = require('./thrift');
var ThriftTransports = require('./thrift/transport');
var ThriftProtocols = require('./thrift/protocol');
var Calculator = require('./gen-nodejs/Calculator');
var ttypes = require('./gen-nodejs/tutorial_types');
transport = ThriftTransports.TBufferedTransport()
protocol = ThriftProtocols.TBinaryProtocol()
var connection = thrift.createConnection("localhost", 9090, {
transport : transport,
protocol : protocol
});
connection.on('error', function(err) {
assert(false, err);
});
// Create a Calculator client with the connection
var client = thrift.createClient(Calculator, connection);
client.ping(function(err, response) {
console.log('ping()');
});
client.add(1,1, function(err, response) {
console.log("1+1=" + response);
});
work = new ttypes.Work();
work.op = ttypes.Operation.DIVIDE;
work.num1 = 1;
work.num2 = 0;
client.calculate(1, work, function(err, message) {
if (err) {
console.log("InvalidOperation " + err);
} else {
console.log('Whoa? You know how to divide by zero?');
}
});
work.op = ttypes.Operation.SUBTRACT;
work.num1 = 15;
work.num2 = 10;
client.calculate(1, work, function(err, message) {
console.log('15-10=' + message);
client.getStruct(1, function(err, message){
console.log('Check log: ' + message.value);
//close the connection once we're done
connection.end();
});
});
6、nodejs客户端命令行窗口显示：
7、Java服务器端显示：
8、大功告成。
使用thrift框架实现了Java和nodejs之间的跨平台通信；
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