android6.0运行时权限详解

1. 运行时获得权限:

从androi 6.0开始,不再是安装应用时用户确定获得全部的权限.而是在使用软件过程中需要该权限时,弹出对话框让用户选择权限.不仅如此,用户选择权限后还可以关闭。

2. 检查是否获得权限:

通过 ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,permission)方法,方法返回值为 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED or PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED

int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR);
        if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "hava this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "no this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

3. 请求权限:

通过ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,requestCode)第二个参数是一个String数组,第三个参数是请求码便于在onRequestPermissionsResult 方法中根据requestCode进行判断.

 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

4. 请求权限后的回调:

请求权限后会回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法,在activity中重写onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults)方法 grantResults是int类型的数组每个值为PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED or PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 分别对应permissions的每个请求.

     @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

        switch (requestCode) {
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    

                } else {

                }

            }
        }
       
    }

5. 告诉用户为何需要权限:

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 这个方法是在用户拒绝权限后返回true. 也就是说:用户第一次点击一个需要权限的地方,该方法返回false(因为用户没拒绝~),当用户拒绝掉该权限,下次点击此权限处,该方法会返回true.可在里面进行对该权限的说明,然后弹出权限让用户选择,并且对话框有don't ask again选项.

@OnClick(R.id.btn_check)
    public void onClick() {

        //判断是否有权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            //当用户拒绝掉权限时.
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(PermissionActivity.this,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {

                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "true", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("该权限保证手机不会爆炸^ ^").setPositiveButton("我需要此权限!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,
                                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
                    }
                }).setNegativeButton("炸吧炸吧~", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "准备爆炸了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }).show();

            } else {

                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

            }
        }
    }

6.用户选择do't ask again 后

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 方法一直返回false,并且ActivityCompat.requestPermissions不会弹出对话框,系统直接deny,并回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法.

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

        switch (requestCode) {
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                } else {
                    showDialog();
                   // Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "request false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }

            }
        }

    }

    private void showDialog() {
        AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("还可以手动开启哦~").setMessage("可以前往设置->app->myapp->permission打开").setPositiveButton("确定!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            }
        }).show();
    }

7. 用户接受权限

 

8.补充

android权限有normal和dangerous两种 normal系统会自动给予权限,dangerous需要用户选择.Normal and Dangerous Permissions

用户手动开启权限: