Linux--用stat函数实现ls -l功能

stat函数

函数常用的定义：

 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>

 int stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);

第一个参数是文件名，第二个参数是stat的结构体，用来存放stat取出来的元数据

stat结构体内容如下：

struct stat {
           dev_t     st_dev;     /* ID of device containing file */
           ino_t     st_ino;     /* inode number */
           mode_t    st_mode;    /* protection */
           nlink_t   st_nlink;   /* number of hard links */
           uid_t     st_uid;     /* user ID of owner */
           gid_t     st_gid;     /* group ID of owner */
           dev_t     st_rdev;    /* device ID (if special file) */
           off_t     st_size;    /* total size, in bytes */
           blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for file system I/O */
           blkcnt_t  st_blocks;  /* number of 512B blocks allocated */
           time_t    st_atime;   /* time of last access */
           time_t    st_mtime;   /* time of last modification */
           time_t    st_ctime;   /* time of last status change */
       };

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<pwd.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<grp.h>
void file_type(mode_t mode) {
 char buf[11] = "?---------";
 switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
  case S_IFSOCK: buf[0] = 's'; break;
  case S_IFLNK:buf[0] = 'l'; break;
  case S_IFREG:buf[0] = '-'; break;
  case S_IFBLK:buf[0] = 'b'; break;
  case S_IFDIR:buf[0] = 'd'; break;
  case S_IFCHR:buf[0] = 'c'; break;
  case S_IFIFO:buf[0] = 'p'; break;
}
 if (mode & S_IRUSR) buf[1] = 'r';
 if (mode & S_IWUSR) buf[2] = 'w';
 if (mode & S_IXUSR) buf[3] = 'x';
 if (mode & S_IRGRP) buf[4] = 'r';
 if (mode & S_IWGRP) buf[5] = 'w';
 if (mode & S_IXGRP) buf[6] = 'x';
 if (mode & S_IROTH) buf[7] = 'r';
 if (mode & S_IWOTH) buf[8] = 'w';
 if (mode & S_IXOTH) buf[9] = 'x';
 printf("%s. ", buf);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 if (argc == 1)
  printf("usage : %s file\n", argv[0]), exit(0);
 struct stat buf;
 if (stat(argv[1], &buf) == -1)
  perror("stat"), exit(1);
 file_type(buf.st_mode);
 printf("%d ", buf.st_nlink);
 //getpwuid函数根据uid号获取文件拥有者的名字
 struct passwd* pw = getpwuid(buf.st_uid);
 printf("%s ", pw->pw_name);
 //getgrgid函数根据gid号获得属组的名字
 struct group* gp = getgrgid(buf.st_gid);
 printf("%s ", gp->gr_name);
 printf("%d ", buf.st_size);
 
 struct tm* ptm = localtime(&buf.st_mtime);
 printf("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d ", ptm->tm_year + 1900, ptm->tm_mon + 1, ptm->tm_mday,
                      ptm->tm_hour, ptm->tm_min);
 printf("%s\n ", argv[1]);
 return 0;
}