python入门（五）

input()的工作原理

函数input()让程序暂停运行，等待用户输入一些文本。获取用户输入后，python将其存储到一个变量中，方便之后使用。

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)

>>Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: Hello everyone!
Hello everyone!

while循环简介

使用while循环

for 循环用于针对集合中的每个元素都一个代码块，而while 循环不断地运行，直到指定的条件不满足为止。

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
	print(current_number)
	current_number += 1

>>1
2
3
4
5

要立即退出while 循环，不再运行循环中余下的代码，也不管条件测试的结果如何，可使用break 语句。break 语句用于控制程序流程，可使用它来控制哪些代码行将执行，哪些代码行不执行，从而让程序按你的要求执行你要执行的代码。

# 当用户输入‘quit’后使用break语句立即退出while循环
prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "

while True:
	city = input(prompt)
	if city == 'quit':
		break
	else:
		print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

>>Please enter the name of a city you have visited:
(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) New York
I'd love to go to New York!
Please enter the name of a city you have visited:
(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) San Francisco
I'd love to go to San Francisco!
Please enter the name of a city you have visited:
(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) quit

要返回到循环开头，并根据条件测试结果决定是否继续执行循环，可使用continue 语句，它不像break 语句那样不再执行余下的代码并退出整个循环。

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
	current_number += 1
	if current_number % 2 == 0:
		continue
	print(current_number)

>>1
3
5
7
9

使用while循环来处理列表和字典

for 循环是一种遍历列表的有效方式，但在for 循环中不应修改列表，否则将导致Python难以跟踪其中的元素。要在遍历列表的同时对其进行修改，可使用while 循环。通过将while 循环同列表和字典结合起来使用，可收集、存储并组织大量输入，供以后查看和显示。

unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []

while unconfirmed_users:
	current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
	print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())
	confirmed_users.append(current_user)
# 显示所有已验证的用户
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
	print(confirmed_user.title())

>>Verifying user: Candace
Verifying user: Brian
Verifying user: Alice
The following users have been confirmed:
Candace
Brian
Alice