<html>
<head>
<title>Session</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<form action="servlet/FirstServlet" method="POST">
<table>
<tr>
<td>输入数据:<input type="text" name="count"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<center><input type="submit"></center>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public FirstServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request,response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GBK");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String str = request.getParameter("count");
request.setAttribute("request_param", str);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("session_param", str);
out.println("<a href='SecondServlet'>NextPage</a>");
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public SecondServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request,response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
Object obj = request.getAttribute("request_param");
String request_param = null;
if(obj != null){
request_param = obj.toString();
}else{
request_param = "null";
}
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
Object obj2 = session.getAttribute("session_param");
String session_param = null;
if(obj2 != null){
session_param = obj2.toString();
}else{
session_param = "null";
}
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GBK");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<h2>请求对象中的参数是:"+request_param+"</h2>");
out.println("<h2>Session对象中的参数是:"+session_param+"</h2>");
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
Session常用的方法如下:
public void setAttribute(String name,Object value);
public object getAttribute(String name);
public void removeAttribute(String name);
public Enumeration getAttributeNames();
public void invalidate();用于销毁Session对象
public Boolean isNew();
public long getCreationTime();
public long getLastAccessedTime();
public int getMaxInactiveInterval(int seconds);允许客户请求的最长时间
ServletContext getServletContext();
public String getId();
其中:
HttpSession session = request.getSession()或者HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);用于获取当前的Session;
前者如果该会话对象不存在则会创建一个新的会话;
getSession(boolean create)返回当前请求的会话,如果当前请求不属于任何会话,而且create为true的话则会创建一个新的会话,否则返回null,此后所有来自同一个对象的请求都属于这个会话,通过它的getSession(false)返回的是当前的会话。
这里需要厘清的是:当前会话的概念:
在应用程序有一个ServletContext的中心上下文;
里面有一个或者多个Session会话,每一个Session对应一个客户端。
在每个Session里面有一个或者多个request。每个request对应于每个Servlet
这也是上面的例子结果是,request_param为null而session_param为用户输入的字符串(注意设置字符编码)
Session的生命周期为:
1)客户端向服务器第一次发送请求的时候,request中并没有SessionID
2)此时服务器会创建一个Session对象,并分配一个SessionID。Session对象保存在服务器端,此时为新建的状态,调用session.isNew()方法会返回true
3)当服务器端处理完毕之后,会将SessionID通过response对象传回到客户端,浏览器负责保存到当前的进程中
4)当客户端再次发送请求的时候,会同时将SessionID发送给服务器
5)服务器根据传递过来的SessionID将这次的请求与保存在服务器端的Session对象联系起来,此时Session已经不处于新建状态
6)循环执行过程3-5,一直到Session超时或者被销毁。