Redirector Function

Redirector Function

cmd1 | cmd2
Pipe; take standard output of cmd1 as standard input to cmd2

> file
Direct standard output to file

< file
Take standard input from file

>> file
Direct standard output to file; append to file if it already exists

>| file
Force standard output to file even if noclobber is set

n>| file
Force output to file from file descriptor n even if noclobber is set

<> file
Use file as both standard input and standard output

n<> file
Use file as both input and output for file descriptor n

<< label
Here-document; see text

n> file
Direct file descriptor n to file

n< file
Take file descriptor n from file

n>> file
Direct file descriptor n to file; append to file if it already exists

n>&
Duplicate standard output to file descriptor n

n<&
Duplicate standard input from file descriptor n

n>&m
File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the output file descriptor

n<&m
File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the input file descriptor

&>file
Directs standard output and standard error to file

<&-
Close the standard input

>&-
Close the standard output

n>&-
Close the output from file descriptor n

n<&-
Close the input from file descriptor n