macOS 开发 - NSVisualEffectView

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一、简介

NSVisualEffectView 是 macOS 10.10 后开放的一个类，继承自 UIView
提供一个模糊效果的视图

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二、使用详解

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blendingMode

值为 NSVisualEffectBlendingMode 枚举

• NSVisualEffectBlendingModeBehindWindow,
• NSVisualEffectBlendingModeWithinWindow,

Behind-window blending uses the content behind the window as the background for your visual effect view. Behind-window blending makes your entire window stand out above other windows and apps on the desktop. Sheets and popovers use behind-window blending.
In-window blending uses the window’s content as the background for your visual effect view. Typically, you use in-window blending with scrolling content, so that the scrolled content remains partially visible under other parts of your window chrome. Toolbars always use in-window blending.

Behind-window 会将窗口背后的内容，作为模糊效果的背景视图；弹窗和表单一般使用 Behind-Window 模式;
In-Window 会将窗体内容作为模糊的背景视图。当滚动窗口时，滚动的内容会在 visualView 下面模糊展示。工具栏 Toolbars 一般使用 In-Window 模式。

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设置blendingMode 为 behindwindow，在当前窗口不显示半透明效果；

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state

取值为 NSVisualEffectState

• NSVisualEffectStateFollowsWindowActiveState //激活状态，可以显示半透明模糊；
• NSVisualEffectStateActive, 非激活状态，显示不透明
• NSVisualEffectStateInactive 窗口是激活状态，就是激活。

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设置颜色

既然继承自 NSView，那么设置layer color 看看；
设置后，就没有模糊效果了。

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创建 NSVisualEffectView 的子类，重写 drawRect

- (void)drawRect:(NSRect)dirtyRect {
    [super drawRect:dirtyRect];
    
    NSColor *bgColor = [[self colorWithHexString:@"4075F0"] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.9];
    [bgColor set];
    
    NSBezierPath *path = [NSBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:dirtyRect];
    [path fill];
    
}

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allowsVibrancy

当前这个类不会自动添加 vibrancy 到内容；
如果需要 vibrancy，需要创建类继承自 NSVisualEffectView，重写 allowsVibrancy 方法：

-(BOOL)allowsVibrancy{
    return YES;
}

Appkit 会给适当的视图添加 vibrancy。比如 NSTextField, 会增加文字和背景的对比效果。
一般不要去修改标准视图和控件的 vibrancy 属性。

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添加 textField 子空间后，如果设置了 Vibrancy 为 yes

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没有设置时：

虽然设置了好像更糊，但更加融入这个 effectView，需要根据你的具体情况去判断。

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material

对应的值为 NSVisualEffectMaterial 枚举。

黑色有两个值：NSVisualEffectMaterialUltraDark NSVisualEffectMaterialDark
偏白透明可设置为 NSVisualEffectMaterialMediumLight
目前测试，没有因为 10.14 系统的黑暗模式而改变

模糊的材料，不同的场景使用不同的材料；
简单测试看不出区别，用的时候可以多留意细节。

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三、属性、方法总

属性

@property NSVisualEffectMaterial material;
@property (readonly) NSBackgroundStyle interiorBackgroundStyle; 
@property NSVisualEffectBlendingMode blendingMode;
@property NSVisualEffectState state;
@property (nullable, retain) NSImage *maskImage;
@property (getter=isEmphasized) BOOL emphasized NS_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_12);

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枚举

NSVisualEffectState

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSVisualEffectState) {
    /// Use the active look only when the containing window is active. 激活状态，可以显示半透明模糊；
    NSVisualEffectStateFollowsWindowActiveState,
    
    /// Use the active look always. 非激活状态，显示不透明
    NSVisualEffectStateActive,
    
    /// Use the inactive look always. 窗口是激活状态，就是激活。
    NSVisualEffectStateInactive,
} NS_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_10);

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NSVisualEffectMaterial

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSVisualEffectMaterial) { 

  /// The material used by window titlebars. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialTitlebar = 3, 

  /// The material used in some table views, menus, etc., to indicate selection. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialSelection = 4, 

  /// The material used by menus. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialMenu NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_11) = 5, 

  /// The material used in the background of NSPopover windows. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialPopover NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_11) = 6, 

  /// The material used in the background of window sidebars. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialSidebar NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_11) = 7, 

  /// The material used in various in-line header or footer views (e.g., by NSTableView). 

  NSVisualEffectMaterialHeaderView NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 10, 

  /// The material used as the background of sheet windows. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialSheet NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 11, 

  /// The material used by opaque window backgrounds. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialWindowBackground NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 12, 

  /// The material used as the background of heads-up display (HUD) windows. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialHUDWindow NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 13, 

  /// The material used as the background of full-screen modal UI. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialFullScreenUI NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 15, 

  /// The material used as the background of tool tips. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialToolTip NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 17, 

  /// The material used as the opaque background of content (e.g., by NSScrollView, NSTableView, NSCollectionView, etc.). 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialContentBackground NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 18, 

  /// The material used under window backgrounds. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialUnderWindowBackground NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 21, 

  /// The material used as the background behind document pages. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialUnderPageBackground NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_14) = 22, 

  /// A default material appropriate for the view's effectiveAppearance.  You should instead choose an appropriate semantic material. 
  NSVisualEffectMaterialAppearanceBased NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_MAC(10_10, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED, "Use a specific semantic material instead.") = 0, 

  // Materials with specific looks.  You should instead choose an appropriate semantic material. 

  NSVisualEffectMaterialLight NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_MAC(10_10, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED, "Use a semantic material instead.  To force the appearance of a view hierarchy, set the `appearance` property to an appropriate NSAppearance value.") = 1, 

  NSVisualEffectMaterialDark NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_MAC(10_10, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED, "Use a semantic material instead.  To force the appearance of a view hierarchy, set the `appearance` property to an appropriate NSAppearance value.") = 2, 

  NSVisualEffectMaterialMediumLight NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_MAC(10_11, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED, "Use a semantic material instead.  To force the appearance of a view hierarchy, set the `appearance` property to an appropriate NSAppearance value.") = 8, 

  NSVisualEffectMaterialUltraDark NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_MAC(10_11, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED, "Use a semantic material instead.  To force the appearance of a view hierarchy, set the `appearance` property to an appropriate NSAppearance value.") = 9, 

} NS_AVAILABLE_MAC(10_10); 

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NSBackgroundStyle 枚举

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSBackgroundStyle) { 

  /* The background reflects the predominant color scheme of the view's appearance. */ 

  NSBackgroundStyleNormal = 0, 

  /* The background is indicating emphasis (e.g. selection state) using an alternate color or visual effect. Content may alter its appearance to reflect this emphasis. */ 

  NSBackgroundStyleEmphasized,

  /* The background is intended to appear higher than the content drawn on it. Content might need to be inset. */ 

  NSBackgroundStyleRaised,

  /* The background is intended to appear lower than the content drawn on it. Content might need to be embossed. */ 

  NSBackgroundStyleLowered,
}

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方法

- (void)viewDidMoveToWindow NS_REQUIRES_SUPER;
- (void)viewWillMoveToWindow:(nullable NSWindow *)newWindow NS_REQUIRES_SUPER;