《大话设计模式》--简历复印--原型模式<Prototype>(9)

P:用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。

原形模式其实就是从一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象，而且不需要知道任何创建的细节。

在.NET中，抽象类Prototype是用不着的，在System命名空间中提供了ICloneable接口，其中就是唯一一个方法是Clone()，只要实现这个接口就完成了原型模式了。

 以下是简历UML图：

class Resume:ICloneable
    {
        private string name;
        private string sex;
        private int age;
        private string timeArea;
        private string company;

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex, int age)
        {
            this.sex = sex;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public void SetWorkExperience(string timeArea, string company)
        {
            this.timeArea = timeArea;
            this.company = company;
        }

        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", name, sex, age.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", timeArea, company);
        }

        public Object Clone()
        {
            return (Object)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

客户端代码：

            Resume r1 = new Resume("龚辉");
            r1.SetPersonalInfo("男", 28);
            r1.SetWorkExperience("2006-08", "XX科技有限公司");

            Resume r2 = (Resume)r1.Clone();
            r2.SetWorkExperience("2008-09", "YY软件集团");

            Resume r3 = (Resume)r1.Clone();
            r3.SetPersonalInfo("女", 23);

            r1.Display();
            r2.Display();
            r3.Display();

 总结：一般在初始化的信息不发生变化的情况下，克隆是最好的办法。既隐藏了对象创建的细节，又对性能是大大的提高。

不用重新初始化对象，而是动态地获得对象运行时的状态。

MemberwiseClone()方法是这样，如果字段是值类型的，则对该字段执行逐位复制，如果字段是引用类型，则复制引用但不复制引用的对象；因此，原始对象及其复本引用同一对象。

 

复制引用类型（浅复制）的例子：

class WorkExperience
    {
        private string workDate;
        private string company;

        public string WorkDate
        {
            get { return workDate; }
            set { workDate = value; }
        }

        public string Company
        {
            get { return company; }
            set { company = value; }
        }
    }

 

class Resume:ICloneable
    {
        private string name;
        private string sex;
        private int age;
        private WorkExperience work;

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
            work = new WorkExperience();
        }

        public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex, int age)
        {
            this.sex = sex;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public void SetWorkExperience(string workDate, string company)
        {
            work.WorkDate = workDate;
            work.Company = company;
        }

        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", name, sex, age.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历：{0} {1}", work.WorkDate, work.Company);
        }

        public Object Clone()
        {
            return (Object)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

 

            Resume r1 = new Resume("龚辉");
            r1.SetPersonalInfo("男", 28);
            r1.SetWorkExperience("2006-08", "XX科技有限公司");

            Resume r2 = (Resume)r1.Clone();
            r2.SetWorkExperience("2008-09", "YY软件集团");

            Resume r3 = (Resume)r1.Clone();
            r3.SetWorkExperience("2010-05", "ZZ计算机公司");

            r1.Display();
            r2.Display();
            r3.Display();

运行结果是：

 

 r1,r2,r3三个引用都是最后一次设置，三个引用都是指向同一个对象。这个就是“浅复制”，被复制的对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，而所有对其它对象的引用都仍然指向原来的对象。

 

深复制：把引用对象的变量指向复制过的新对象，而不是原有的被引用的对象。

深复制的例子：

class WorkExperience:ICloneable
    {
        private string workDate;
        private string company;

        public string WorkDate
        {
            get { return workDate; }
            set { workDate = value; }
        }

        public string Company
        {
            get { return company; }
            set { company = value; }
        }

        public Object Clone()
        {
            return (Object)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

 

class Resume:ICloneable
    {
        private string name;
        private string sex;
        private int age;
        private WorkExperience work;

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
            work = new WorkExperience();
        }

        public Resume(WorkExperience work)
        {
            this.work = (WorkExperience)work.Clone();
        }

        public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex, int age)
        {
            this.sex = sex;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public void SetWorkExperience(string workDate, string company)
        {
            work.WorkDate = workDate;
            work.Company = company;
        }

        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", name, sex, age.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历：{0} {1}", work.WorkDate, work.Company);
        }

        public Object Clone()
        {
            Resume r = new Resume(this.work);
            r.name = this.name;
            r.sex = this.sex;
            r.age = this.age;
            return r;
        }
    }

 

            Resume r1 = new Resume("龚辉");
            r1.SetPersonalInfo("男", 28);
            r1.SetWorkExperience("2006-08", "XX科技有限公司");

            Resume r2 = (Resume)r1.Clone();
            r2.SetWorkExperience("2008-09", "YY软件集团");

            Resume r3 = (Resume)r1.Clone();
            r3.SetWorkExperience("2010-05", "ZZ计算机公司");

            r1.Display();
            r2.Display();
            r3.Display();

运行结果：