C++入门经典-例7.2-利用构造函数初始化成员变量
1:在创建对象时,程序自动调用构造函数。同一个类中可以有多个构造函数,通过这样的形式创建一个CPerson对象,例如:
CPerson p1(0,"jack",22,7000);
CPerson p2=Cperson(1,"tony",25,8000);
CPerson p;
2:利用构造函数初始化成员变量的代码如下:
(1)person.h中
#include <string>//本题目的目的是利用构造函数初始化成员变量
using std::string;
class CPerson
{
public:
//构造函数
CPerson(int index,string name,short age,double salary);//构造函数是对数据成员来说的,所以参数和下面的数据成员一样
CPerson();
//数据成员
int m_iIndex;
string m_sName;
short m_shAge;
double m_dSalary;
//成员函数
short getAge();
int setAge(short sAge);
int getIndex() ;
int setIndex(int iIndex);
string getName() ;
int setName(string sName);
double getSalary() ;
int setSalary(double dSalary);
};
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(2)person.cpp中
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "person.h"
//类成员函数的实现部分
short CPerson::getAge()
{
return m_shAge;
}
int CPerson::setAge(short sAge)
{
m_shAge=sAge;
return 0; //执行成功返回0
}
int CPerson::getIndex()
{
return m_iIndex;
}
int CPerson::setIndex(int iIndex)
{
m_iIndex=iIndex;
return 0; //执行成功返回0
}
string CPerson::getName()
{
return m_sName;
}
int CPerson::setName(string sName)
{
m_sName = sName;
return 0; //执行成功返回0
}
double CPerson::getSalary()
{
return m_dSalary;
}
int CPerson::setSalary(double dSalary)
{
m_dSalary=dSalary;
return 0; //执行成功返回0
}
CPerson::CPerson(int index,string name,short age,double salary)
{
m_iIndex = index;
m_sName = name;
m_shAge = age;
m_dSalary = salary;
}
CPerson::CPerson()
{
}
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(3)main.cpp中
// 7.2.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "Person.h"
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void main()
{
string str("tony");//注意string的用法
CPerson p1;
CPerson p2 = CPerson(1, str,25,8000);
cout<<"p1的信息:"<<endl;
cout << "m_shAge is:" << p1.getAge() << endl;
cout << "m_iIndex is:" << p1.getIndex() << endl;
cout << "m_cName is:" << p1.getName() << endl;
cout << "m_dSalary is:" << p1.getSalary() << endl;
cout<<"p2的信息:"<<endl;
cout << "m_shAge is:" << p2.getAge() << endl;
cout << "m_iIndex is:" << p2.getIndex() << endl;
cout << "m_cName is:" << p2.getName() << endl;
cout << "m_dSalary is:" << p2.getSalary() << endl;
}
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运行结果: