定义两个bean分别为Bean1和Bean2
Bean1.java
- package com.itmyhome.bean;
- public class Bean1 {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- }
Bean2.java
- package com.itmyhome.bean;
- public class Bean2 {
- private String name;
- private String sex;
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getSex() {
- return sex;
- }
- public void setSex(String sex) {
- this.sex = sex;
- }
- }
applicationContext.xml配置文件
把Bean1和Bean2配置到xml文件中
- <bean id="bean1" class="com.itmyhome.bean.Bean1">
- <property name="name" value="zhangsan" />
- <property name="age" value="21" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 此处的class路径是错误的,没有Bean3这个类 -->
- <bean id="bean2" <span style="color:#ff0000;">class="com.itmyhome.bean.Bean3">
- </span> <property name="name" value="lisi" />
- <property name="sex" value="男" />
- </bean>
进行测试
使用XmlBeanFactory
- public class Client {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- XmlBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileSystemResource("src/applicationContext.xml"));
- Bean1 bean1 = (Bean1)factory.getBean("bean1");
- System.out.println("bean1.name: "+bean1.getName());
- System.out.println("bean1.age: "+bean1.getAge());
- }
- }
观察结果 可以运行通过
接下来使用ApplicationContext
- public class Client {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
- Bean1 bean1 = (Bean1)context.getBean("bean1");
- System.out.println("bean1.name: "+bean1.getName());
- System.out.println("bean1.age: "+bean1.getAge());
- }
- }
结果报异常
- Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Cannot find class [com.itmyhome.bean.Bean3] for bean with name 'bean2' defined in class path resource
- [applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.itmyhome.bean.Bean3
我们在applicationContext.xml中配置了两个Bean,bean1和bean2 虽然bean2中找不到Bean3这个类,但我们getBean()的时候也没有用到bean2啊,为什么会报错呢?
原因是ApplicationContext和BeanFactory提供了不同的加载机制,ApplicationContext和BeanFacotry相比,提供了更多的扩展功能,但其主要区别在于后者是延迟加载,如果Bean的某一个属性没有注入,BeanFacotry加载后,直至第一次使用调用getBean方法才会抛出异常;而ApplicationContext则在初始化自身时检验,这样有利于检查所依赖属性是否注入;所以通常情况下我们选择使用ApplicationContext.
解决延迟加载的办法是在applicationContext.xml中<beans>标签中添加default-lazy-init="true"属性
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop">http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop</a> http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd" <span style="color:#ff0000;">default-lazy-init="true"></span>