设计模式之命令模式

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-16 01:38:02 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-16 01:38:02 发布

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分类专栏：设计模式文章标签：设计模式命令模式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lpf_563493432/article/details/77816506

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命令模式

命令模式：将“请求”封装成对象，以便使用不同的请求，队列或者日志来参数化其他对象。命令模式也支持可撤销的操作。

定义命令模式：

类图

今天我们讲解命令模式的模型就是遥控器，将遥控器的每个插槽，对应到一个命令这样就能让遥控器变成“调用者”。当按下按钮，相应命令对象的execute（）方法就会被调用，其结果就是，接收者（例如：电灯、天花板电扇、音响）的动作被调用。就类似下面这个图：

实现遥控器：

package com.my.commond;

public class RemoteControl {
    //遥控器要处理7个开与关的命令，使用相应数组记录这些命令。
    Command[] onCommands;
    Command[] offCommands;
    public RemoteControl(){
        //实例化并初始化这两个开与关的数组。
        onCommands = new Command[7];
        offCommands = new Command[7];

        Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
        for(int i=0;i<7;i++){
            onCommands[i] = noCommand;
            offCommands[i] = noCommand;
        }
    }

    public void setCommand(int slot,Command onCommand,Command offCommand){
        //setCommand()方法有3个参数，分别是插槽的位置，开的命令、关的命令。这些命令将
        //记录开关数组中对应的插槽位置。
        onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
        offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
    }

    public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot){
        onCommands[slot].execute();
    }

    public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot){
        offCommands[slot].execute();
    }

    public String toString(){
        StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer();
        stringBuff.append("\n---- Remote Control ----\n");
        for(int i=0;i<onCommands.length;i++){
            stringBuff.append("[slot "+i+"]"+onCommands[i].getClass().getName()
            +"   "+offCommands[i].getClass().getName()+"\n");
        }
        return stringBuff.toString();
    }
}

实现命令：

电灯开关命令

package com.my.commond;

public class LightOffCommand implements Command {

    Light light;

    public LightOffCommand(Light light){
        this.light = light;
    }

    public void execute(){
        light.off();
    }

    public void undo(){light.on();}
}

音响开关命令

package com.my.commond;

public class StereoOnWithCDCommand implements Command {

    Stereo stereo;

    public StereoOnWithCDCommand(Stereo stereo){
        this.stereo = stereo;
    }

    public void execute(){
        stereo.on();
        stereo.setCD();
        stereo.setVolume(11);
    }
}

测试遥控器：

package com.my.commond;

public class RemoteLoader {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();

        Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living　Room");
        Light kitchenLight = new Light("Kitchen");
        CeilingFan ceilingFan = new CeilingFan("Living Room");
        GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor("");
        Stereo stereo = new Stereo("Living Room");

        //创建所有电灯命令对象
        LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOn = new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);
        LightOffCommand livingRoomLightOff = new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight);
        LightOnCommand kitchenLightOn = new LightOnCommand(kitchenLight);
        LightOffCommand kitchenLightOff = new LightOffCommand(kitchenLight);

        //创建吊扇的开与关
        CeilingFanOnCommand ceilingFanOn = new CeilingFanOnCommand(ceilingFan);
        CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff= new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);

        //创建车库门的上与下命令
        GarageDoorUpCommand garageDoorUp = new GarageDoorUpCommand(garageDoor);
        GarageDoorDownCommand garageDoorDown = new GarageDoorDownCommand(garageDoor);

        //创建音响的开与关命令
        StereoOnWithCDCommand stereoOnWithCD = new StereoOnWithCDCommand(stereo);
        StereoOffCommand stereoOff = new StereoOffCommand(stereo);

        remoteControl.setCommand(0,livingRoomLightOn,livingRoomLightOff);
        remoteControl.setCommand(1,kitchenLightOn,kitchenLightOff);
        remoteControl.setCommand(2,ceilingFanOn,ceilingFanOff);
        remoteControl.setCommand(3,stereoOnWithCD,stereoOff);

        System.out.println(remoteControl);

        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(1);
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2);
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(2);
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(3);
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(3);
    }
}

run：

完善代码，以增加撤销功能：

package com.my.commond;

public interface Command {

    public void execute();
    public void undo();//撤销方法
}

开电灯

package com.my.commond;


public class LightOnCommand implements Command {

    Light light;

    public LightOnCommand(Light light){
        this.light = light;
    }

    public void execute(){
        light.on();
    }

    public void undo(){light.off();}
}

关电灯

package com.my.commond;

public class LightOffCommand implements Command {

    Light light;

    public LightOffCommand(Light light){
        this.light = light;
    }

    public void execute(){
        light.off();
    }

    public void undo(){light.on();}
}

package com.my.commond;

public class RemoteControlWithUndo {
    //遥控器要处理7个开与关的命令，使用相应数组记录这些命令。
    Command[] onCommands;
    Command[] offCommands;
    Command undoCommand;
    public RemoteControlWithUndo(){
        //实例化并初始化这两个开与关的数组。
        onCommands = new Command[7];
        offCommands = new Command[7];

        Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
        for(int i=0;i<7;i++){
            onCommands[i] = noCommand;
            offCommands[i] = noCommand;
        }
        undoCommand = noCommand;
    }

    public void setCommand(int slot,Command onCommand,Command offCommand){
        //setCommand()方法有3个参数，分别是插槽的位置，开的命令、关的命令。这些命令将
        //记录开关数组中对应的插槽位置。
        onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
        offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
    }

    //按下按钮时，将命令记录在undoCommand实例变量中。
    public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot){
        onCommands[slot].execute();
        undoCommand = onCommands[slot];
    }
    //按下按钮时，将命令记录在undoCommand实例变量中。
    public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot){
        offCommands[slot].execute();
        undoCommand = offCommands[slot];
    }

    //当按下撤销按钮，调用undoCommand实例变量的undo（）方法
    public void undoButtonWasPushed(){
        undoCommand.undo();
    }


}

run:

Living　Room light  on 
Living　Room light  off 

---- Remote Control ----
[slot 0]com.my.commond.LightOnCommand   com.my.commond.LightOffCommand
[slot 1]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 2]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 3]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 4]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 5]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 6]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand

Living　Room light  on 
Living　Room light  off 
Living　Room light  on 

---- Remote Control ----
[slot 0]com.my.commond.LightOnCommand   com.my.commond.LightOffCommand
[slot 1]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 2]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 3]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 4]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 5]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand
[slot 6]com.my.commond.NoCommand   com.my.commond.NoCommand

Living　Room light  off

命令模式的应用场景：当需要将发出请求的对象和执行请求的对象解耦的时候，使用命令模式。

宏命令是命令的一种简单的延伸，允许调用多个命令。宏方法也可以支持撤销，这里我就不介绍宏命令，有兴趣的话大家可以查一下命令模式中的宏命令。
下回我们来一起学习适配器模式。