java设计模式之单例模式

单例的设计模式有很多种,有支持多线程、不支持的等等,具体看demo

/**
 * 饿汉式
 * 类加载到内存后,被实例化一个单例,jvm保证线程安全
 * 推荐使用
 * 唯一缺点,不管用到与否,类加载时就完成实例化
 */
public class Mgr01 {
    private static final Mgr01 INSTANCE = new Mgr01();

    private Mgr01(){}

    public static Mgr01 getInstance(){return  INSTANCE;}

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mgr01 m1 = Mgr01.getInstance();
        Mgr01 m2 = Mgr01.getInstance();

        System.out.println(m1 == m2);
    }
}

/**
 */
public class Mgr02 {
    private static final Mgr02 INSTANCE;
    static{
        INSTANCE = new Mgr02();
    }

    private Mgr02(){}

    public static Mgr02 getInstance(){return INSTANCE;}

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mgr02 m1 = new Mgr02();
        Mgr02 m2 = new Mgr02();
        System.out.println(m1 == m2);
    }
}

/**
 * 多线程时会出问题
 *
 * 懒汉式单例
 */
public class Mgr03 {
    private static Mgr03 INSTANCE;
    private Mgr03(){}

    public static Mgr03 getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE ==null){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            INSTANCE = new Mgr03();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr03.getInstance().hashCode())).start();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * lazy loading
 * 也称懒汉式
 * 虽然达到了按需初始化的目的,但却能带来线程不安全的问题
 * 可以通过synchronized解决,但也会带来效率下降
 */
public class Mgr04 {
    private static Mgr04 INSTANCE;

    private Mgr04(){}

    public static synchronized Mgr04 getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE == null){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            INSTANCE = new Mgr04();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr04.getInstance().hashCode())).start();
        }
    }
}

public class Mgr05 {
    private static Mgr05 INSTANCE;

    private Mgr05(){}

    public static Mgr05 getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE == null){ //会有多个线程进入到这里
            //妄图通过减小同步代码块的方式提高效率,然而不可行
            synchronized (Mgr05.class){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                INSTANCE = new Mgr05();
            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr05.getInstance().hashCode())).start();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 虽然达到了按需求初始化的目的,但却能带来线程不安全的问题
 * 可以通过synchronized解决,但也带来效率下降
 */
public class Mgr06 {
    private static volatile Mgr06 INSTANCE;

    private Mgr06(){}

    public static Mgr06 getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE == null){
            //双重检测
            synchronized (Mgr06.class){
                if(INSTANCE == null)
                {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    INSTANCE = new Mgr06();
                }

            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr06.getInstance().hashCode())).start();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 静态内部类方式
 * JVM保证单例
 * 加载外部类的时候不会加载内部类,这样可以实现懒加载
 *
 * JVN保证类只被加载一次
 */
public class Mgr07 {
    private Mgr07(){}

    private static class Mge07Holder{
        private final static Mgr07 INSTANCE = new Mgr07();
    }

    public static Mgr07 getInstance(){  //这里才会去加载内部类
        return Mge07Holder.INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr07.getInstance().hashCode())).start();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 不仅可以解决线程同步,还可以防止反序列化  枚举类没有构造方法
 * 自认为最牛逼的写法
 */
public enum  Mgr08 {
       INSTANCE;

       public void m(){
           System.out.println("m");
       }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr08.INSTANCE.hashCode())).start();
        }
        Mgr08.INSTANCE.m();
    }
}