Java编程开发设计模式之--原型模式（Prototype）

        原型模式Prototype是指将一个对象作为原型模板，根据它进行复制，克隆，产生一个和原型对象相似的新的对象。本文将通过对对象的浅复制与深复制的概念与具体实现，进行讲述，并通过测试类类代码展示二者区别。在JAVA语言中，复制对象是通过实现Cloneable 接口来实现的。

         先来建立原型类，Photo类

Code:

public class Photo implements Cloneable{

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Photo photo = (Photo) super.clone();
        return photo;
    }
}

         这是一个简单的原型类，仅需要实现Cloneable接口，覆写clone方法即可。这里引出Clone的两种方式：

浅复制：根据一个对象复制，得到的新的对象，其基本数据类型都会重新创建，但是引用类型，与原对象拥有相同的指向。

深复制：根据一个对象复制，得到的新的对象，除了基本数据类型重建，引用类型也都是重新创建的，也就是说深复制是对原型对象进行了完全彻底的复制，而浅复制不彻底。

        这里通过代码分别实现浅复制和深复制

为Photo 类新增两个属性参数，记录其是否高清照片，拍摄地点：

public class Photo implements Cloneable, Serializable {
    private PhotoLocation mLocation;

    public Photo() {
        mLocation = new PhotoLocation();
    }

    public Photo(PhotoLocation location) {
        this.mLocation = location;
    }

    public boolean ismIsHighQuality() {
        return mIsHighQuality;
    }

    public void setmIsHighQuality(boolean mIsHighQuality) {
        this.mIsHighQuality = mIsHighQuality;
    }

    private boolean mIsHighQuality = true;

    public PhotoLocation getmLocation() {
        return mLocation;
    }

    public void setmLocation(PhotoLocation mLocation) {
        this.mLocation = mLocation;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Photo photo = (Photo) super.clone();
        return photo;
    }

    public Object deepClone() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        /* 写入当前对象的二进制流 */
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
        oos.writeObject(this);

        /* 读出二进制流产生的新对象 */
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
        return ois.readObject();

    }
}

这里我们要实现深复制，使用的方法是采用流的形式读入当前对象的二进制输入，再写出二进制数据对应的对象

PhotoLocation 类：

public class PhotoLocation implements Serializable {
    String ID;
    String Name;

    public PhotoLocation() {

    }

    public PhotoLocation(String id, String name) {
        setID(id);
        setName(name);
    }

    public String getName() {
        return Name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        Name = name;
    }


    public String getID() {
        return ID;
    }

    public void setID(String ID) {
        this.ID = ID;
    }

}
     最后写测试类，显示浅复制与深复制的区别：
public class WorkClass {
    public void test() {
        Photo photo = new Photo(new PhotoLocation("010","Beijing"));
        Photo photoCopy = null;
        Photo photoDeepcopy = null;
        try {
            photoCopy = (Photo) photo.clone();
            photoDeepcopy = (Photo) photo.deepClone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (null != photo && null != photoCopy && null != photoDeepcopy) {
            System.out.println(String.format("photo.getmLocation().getName()=%s,photoCopy.getmLocation().getName()=%s,,photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()=%s", photo.getmLocation().getName(), photoCopy.getmLocation().getName(), photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()));
            System.out.println(String.format("photo.ismIsHighQuality()=%s,photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality()=%s,,photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()=%s", photo.ismIsHighQuality(), photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality(), photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()));
            photoCopy.getmLocation().setName("Shanghai");
            photoCopy.setmIsHighQuality(false);
            System.out.println(String.format("photo.getmLocation().getName()=%s,photoCopy.getmLocation().getName()=%s,,photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()=%s", photo.getmLocation().getName(), photoCopy.getmLocation().getName(), photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()));
            System.out.println(String.format("photo.ismIsHighQuality()=%s,photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality()=%s,,photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()=%s", photo.ismIsHighQuality(), photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality(), photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()));
            photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().setName("Hangzhou");
            photoDeepcopy.setmIsHighQuality(false);
            System.out.println(String.format("photo.getmLocation().getName()=%s,photoCopy.getmLocation().getName()=%s,,photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()=%s", photo.getmLocation().getName(), photoCopy.getmLocation().getName(), photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()));
            System.out.println(String.format("photo.ismIsHighQuality()=%s,photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality()=%s,,photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()=%s", photo.ismIsHighQuality(), photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality(), photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()));

        }
    }
}
    输出结果：

I/System.out: photo.getmLocation().getName()=Beijing,photoCopy.getmLocation().getName()=Beijing,,photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()=Beijing
I/System.out: photo.ismIsHighQuality()=true,photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality()=true,,photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()=true
I/System.out: photo.getmLocation().getName()=Shanghai,photoCopy.getmLocation().getName()=Shanghai,,photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()=Beijing
I/System.out: photo.ismIsHighQuality()=true,photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality()=false,,photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()=true
I/System.out: photo.getmLocation().getName()=Shanghai,photoCopy.getmLocation().getName()=Shanghai,,photoDeepcopy.getmLocation().getName()=Hangzhou
I/System.out: photo.ismIsHighQuality()=true,photoCopy.ismIsHighQuality()=false,,photoDeepcopy.ismIsHighQuality()=false

    分析结果：可以看出photo作为原型对象，其属性参数Location（引用类型）会随着其浅复制对象photoCopy而改变，而不会随着其深复制对象photoDeepcopy而改变，另外基础类型boolean IsHighQuality 一直不会随复制对象改变。