监听器:
* Java Web的三大组件:Servlet、Listener、Filter.* 注意:
* listener的触发或调用,是不需要我们关注的.(Tomcat服务器)
* Tomcat与JavaEE的版本是有对应的.
* Tomcat 7.0版本 - Servlet 3.0
* Tomcat 6.0版本 - Servlet 2.5
* 开发原则:不要追新.
* Listener对于我们来讲:如何编写.
* 八大监听器:
* 第一组:用于监听Servlet三个域对象的创建与销毁* ServletRequestListner
* HttpSessionListener
* ServletContextListener
* 作用:用于监听Servlet三个域对象的创建与销毁.
* 三个域对象的创建与销毁:
* Request对象:
* 创建:发生请求时.
* 销毁:请求完成时.
* Session对象:
* 创建:发生请求时,并且执行getSession()语句.
* 销毁:执行Session的销毁方法invalidate().
* ServletContext对象:
* 创建:Tomcat启动时.
* 销毁:Tomcat关闭时.
package app.java.listener1;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
/**
* 用于测试HttpSessionListener监听器.
* * 实现HttpSessionListener接口.
* * 重写该接口提供的所有方法.
* @author JYL
*/
public class HttpSessionListenerTest implements HttpSessionListener,ServletRequestListener,ServletContextListener {
/**
* sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0)
* * 该方法用于监听Session对象的创建.
* * 问题:应该是在Session对象创建之前还是之后被调用?后.
* * 作用:可以实现必要的初始化工作.
*/
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("我的Session对象终于被创建啦。。。");
/*
* HttpSessionEvent事件对象:
* * 获取对应的Request对象.
* * 获取对应的ServletContext对象.
*/
}
/**
* sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0)
* * 该方法用于监听Session对象的销毁.
* * 问题:应该是在Session对象销毁之前还是之后被调用?前.
* * 作用:可以实现必要的资源释放工作.
*/
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("我的Session对象离我而去啦。。。");
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
}
public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent arg0) {
}
public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent arg0) {
}
}
因为是属于servlet ,所以要在web.xml中进行配置:
<!-- 在web.xml文件中如何配置Listener -->
<!--
<listener>
<listener-class>app.java.listener1.HttpSessionListenerTest</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>app.java.listener2.ServletRequestAttributeListenerTest</listener-class>
</listener>
-->
<listener>
<listener-class>app.java.listener.demo.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>app.java.listener.demo.MyHttpSessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>
jsp页面:
<%
HttpSession mysession = request.getSession();
mysession.invalidate();
%>
* ServletRequestAttributeListener
* HttpSessionAttributeListener
* ServletContextAttributeListener
package app.java.listener2;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
/**
* 用于测试ServletRequestAttributeListener监听器.
* @author JYL
*
*/
public class ServletRequestAttributeListenerTest implements ServletRequestAttributeListener {
/**
* attributeAdded()
* * 该方法用于监听Request对象添加属性.
*/
public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Request对象添加了一个属性。。。");
}
/**
* attributeRemoved()
* * 该方法用于监听Request对象删除属性.
*/
public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Request对象删除了一个属性。。。");
}
/**
* attributeReplaced()
* * 该方法用于监听Request对象修改属性.
*/
public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Request对象修改了一个属性。。。");
}
}
jsp页面:
<%
request.setAttribute("yttlj", "zhouzhiruo");
request.removeAttribute("yttlj");
%>
* 如何自定义监听器:
* 第一步:* 创建Java类,实现上述八个监听器接口之一.
* 重写该接口提供的所有方法.
* 第二步:
* 在web.xml文件中配置Listener.
<listener>
<listener-class>自定义Listener的完整路径</listener-class>
</listener>
* HttpSessionBindingListener
* 注意:
* 该监听器应该由JavaBean类实现.(可以将JavaBean绑定到Session上) 绑定什么java对象都可以
* 谁被绑定到Session上,谁就实现该监听器.
* 该监听器的作用:通知被绑定到Session的JavaBean对象.
* 使用该监听器时,不需要在web.xml文件中进行配置的.
JavaBean:
package app.java.listener3;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
/**
* 定义一个User的JavaBean.
* * 将该JavaBean对象绑定到Session中.
* * 该JavaBean实现HttpSessionBindingListener.
*
* 问题:
* * 当JavaBean实现了HttpSessionBindingListener接口.
* * 污染了当前JavaBean.
* * 由监听器提供了多余的方法,不属于JavaBean.
* * JavaBean说白了就是Java类,与JavaEE是无关的.
* * 一旦实现HttpSessionBindingListener接口,就与JavaEE是有关的.
*
* 最终建议:不建议使用.
* @author JYL
*/
public class User implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
private int id;
private String name;
private String job;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getJob() {
return job;
}
public void setJob(String job) {
this.job = job;
}
/**
* valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0)
* * 该方法用于监听当前JavaBean被绑定到Session中.
* * 执行session.setAttribute()方法时,就是绑定.
*/
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("这个JavaBean被成功地包养了。。。");
}
/**
* valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0)
* * 该方法用于监听当前JavaBean从Session中解绑.
* * 执行session.removeAttribute()方法时,就是解绑.
*/
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("这个JavaBean被无情地抛弃啦。。。");
}
}
BeanServlet.java:
package app.java.listener3;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class BeanServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1 实例化JavaBean
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("zhangwuji");
user.setJob("jiaozhu");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2 将该JavaBean的实例,绑定到Session对象中
session.setAttribute("user", user);
//3 从Session对象中删除JavaBean对象
session.removeAttribute("user");
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
* 第四组:用于监听Session的钝化与活化
* HttpSessionActivationListener
* Session的序列化* 当Tomcat服务器正常关闭后,Session会自动被保存到本地硬盘中.
* 在Tomcat服务器的安装目录:%Catalina_HOME%\work\Catalina\localhost\Web工程名目录中.
* 当Tomcat服务器正常启动后,Session会自动从本地硬盘中读取到内存中.
* 保存在本地硬盘中的序列化文件,自动销毁.
* 问题:
* Tomcat服务器为什么提供这么一个机制?
创建一个Servlet用于向Session中存放数据内容。
package app.java.listener4;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class SessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("zhangwuji");
user.setJob("jiaozhu");
//1 获取或创建Session对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2 向Session对象设置属性内容
session.setAttribute("user", user);
//3 将session中的内容响应到页面中
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().println("成功地向Session放置了内容.");
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
创建一个Servlet用于从Session中读取存放的数据内容。
package app.java.listener4;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class GetSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
User user = (User)session.getAttribute("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
在bean中监听:
package app.java.listener4;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
/**
* 定义一个User的JavaBean.
*
* @author JYL
*/
public class User implements HttpSessionActivationListener,Serializable {
private int id;
private String name;
private String job;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getJob() {
return job;
}
public void setJob(String job) {
this.job = job;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", job=" + job + "]";
}
public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Session成功地从火星回来啦。。。");
}
public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Session成功地逃离地球啦。。。");
}
}
* Session的钝化与活化 * 实现步骤:
* 1编写Servlet设置Session.
*2 在Tomcat安装目录%Catalina_HOME%\conf\Catalina\localhost目录中,创建一个名为Web工程名的xml文件.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>
<!-- maxIdleSwap:指定多长时间后Session会被钝化.(单位为分钟) -->
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager" maxIdleSwap="1" >
<!--
directory:指定钝化文件的保存目录.
钝化文件保存路径:${CATALINA_HOME}\work\Catalina\localhost\Web工程名\${sessionid}.session
-->
<Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore" directory="mysession" />
</Manager>
</Context>
* 3创建JavaBean,用于绑定到Session中.
* 该JavaBean实现了HttpSessionActivationListener接口,并且重写该接口提供的所有方法.
* 该JavaBean实现了Serializable(序列化)接口(Session的钝化与活化是基于Session的序列化实现的)
* Session钝化与活化和序列化的区别:
* Session序列化:* Tomcat提供的自动机制.
* Session的序列化文件在重新被使用时,消失.
* Session钝化与活化:
* 手动实现.
* Session的钝化文件并不消失.
* 扩展:
* Servlet的三大域对象:
* Request对象 - 一次请求
* Session对象 - 一次会话
* ServletContext对象 - Tomcat从启动到关闭
* JSP的四大域对象:
* page对象 - 当前页面
* Request对象
* Session对象
* ServletContext对象
案例:
统计在线人数:
1.创建ServletContextListener监听器完成在线人数的初始化:
package app.java.listener.demo;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
/**
* 完成在线人数统计的初始化工作.
*/
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
//因为这个监听器拿不到session,所以就把在线人数放到ServletContext中。
ServletContext context = sce.getServletContext();
context.setAttribute("sums", 0);
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {}
}
2.创建HttpSessionListener
package app.java.listener.demo;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
/**
* 创建Session表示人数增加一个.
* * 在该方法中,获取ServletContext对象.
* * 修改ServletContext对象的"sums"属性值.(+1)
* * 将修改后的"sums"属性值,重新放回去.
*/
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
ServletContext context = se.getSession().getServletContext();
int sums = (Integer)context.getAttribute("sums");
sums = sums + 1;
context.setAttribute("sums", sums);
}
/**
* 销毁Session表示人数减少一个.
* * 在该方法中,获取ServletContext对象.
* * 修改ServletContext对象的"sums"属性值.(-1)
* * 将修改后的"sums"属性值,重新放回去.
*/
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
ServletContext context = se.getSession().getServletContext();
int sums = (Integer)context.getAttribute("sums");
sums = sums - 1;
context.setAttribute("sums", sums);
}
}
3.创建一个servlet显示在线人数:
package app.java.listener.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/**
* 当前servlet用于测试统计在线人数
* @author JYL
*/
public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("test/html charset = utf-8");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("mingjiao", "zhangwuji");
System.out.println("人数增加了");
// 将统计的在线人数显示在客户端页面 在线人数放在了servletContext里面
//1 获取servletContext对象
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
//2 从servletContext对象中,获取在线统计人数
int sums = (Integer)context.getAttribute("sums");
//3 将在线统计人数响应到客户端页面
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().println("当前在线人数为:"+sums);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
配置xml:
<listener>
<listener-class>app.java.listener.demo.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>app.java.listener.demo.MyHttpSessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>