关联引用（associative reference）

1.分类中不能添加实例变量，但可以通过关联引用添加键值数据

@interface Person:NSObject
@property (nonatomic, readwrite, copy) NSString *name;
@end

#import <objc/runtime.h>

@interface Person(EmailAddress)
@property (nonatomic, readwrite, copy) NSString *emailAddress;
@end

@implemention Person(EmailAddress)

static char emailAddressKey;

-(NSString *)emailAddress{
return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &emailAddressKey);
}

-(void)setEmailAddress:(NSString *)emailAddress{

objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &emailAddressKey, emailAddress, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY);

}

@end

2.关联引用是基于键（emailAddressKey）的储存地址而不是值