Hbase的Filter详解使用

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-06 21:15:28 发布

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分类专栏： hbase 分布式系统 hadoop nosql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lr131425/article/details/72676254

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参数基础

有两个参数类在各类Filter中经常出现，统一介绍下：

（1）比较运算符 CompareFilter.CompareOp

比较运算符用于定义比较关系，可以有以下几类值供选择：

EQUAL 相等
GREATER 大于
GREATER_OR_EQUAL 大于等于
LESS 小于
LESS_OR_EQUAL 小于等于
NOT_EQUAL 不等于

（2）比较器 ByteArrayComparable

通过比较器可以实现多样化目标匹配效果，比较器有以下子类可以使用：

BinaryComparator 匹配完整字节数组
BinaryPrefixComparator 匹配字节数组前缀
BitComparator
NullComparator
RegexStringComparator 正则表达式匹配
SubstringComparator 子串匹配

1，FilterList

FilterList 代表一个过滤器链，它可以包含一组即将应用于目标数据集的过滤器，过滤器间具有“与” FilterList.Operator.MUST_PASS_ALL 和“或” FilterList.Operator.MUST_PASS_ONE 关系。

官网实例代码，两个 “ 或” 关系的过滤器的写法：

FilterList list = new FilterList(FilterList.Operator.MUST_PASS_ONE);   //数据只要满足一组过滤器中的一个就可以
SingleColumnValueFilter filter1 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(cf,column,CompareOp.EQUAL,Bytes.toBytes("my value"));
list.add(filter1);
SingleColumnValueFilter filter2 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(cf,column,CompareOp.EQUAL,Bytes.toBytes("my other value"));
list.add(filter2);
Scan scan = new Scan();
scan.setFilter(list);

2，列值过滤器--SingleColumnValueFilter

SingleColumnValueFilter 用于测试列值相等 (CompareOp.EQUAL ), 不等 (CompareOp.NOT_EQUAL),或单侧范围 (e.g., CompareOp.GREATER)。

构造函数：

（1）比较的关键字是一个字符数组

SingleColumnValueFilter(byte[] family, byte[] qualifier, CompareFilter.CompareOp compareOp, byte[] value)

（2）比较的关键字是一个比较器（比较器下一小节做介绍）

SingleColumnValueFilter(byte[] family, byte[] qualifier, CompareFilter.CompareOp compareOp, ByteArrayComparable comparator)

注意：根据列的值来决定这一行数据是否返回，落脚点在行，而不是列。我们可以设置filter.setFilterIfMissing(true);如果为true，当这一列不存在时，不会返回，如果为false，当这一列不存在时，会返回所有的列信息

测试表user内容如下：

java代码测试：

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
        SingleColumnValueFilter scvf= new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes.toBytes("account"), Bytes.toBytes("name"), 
       		 CompareOp.EQUAL,"zhangsan".getBytes());
        scvf.setFilterIfMissing(true); //默认为false， 没有此列的数据也会返回 ，为true则只返回name=lisi的数据
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setFilter(scvf);
        ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result result : resultScanner) {
			 List<Cell> cells= result.listCells();	
			 for (Cell cell : cells) {
				 String row = Bytes.toString(result.getRow());
				 String family1 = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell));
				 String qualifier = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell));
				 String value = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell));
				 System.out.println("[row:"+row+"],[family:"+family1+"],[qualifier:"+qualifier+"]"
				 		+ ",[value:"+value+"],[time:"+cell.getTimestamp()+"]");
			}
		}

如果setFilterIfMissing(true), 有匹配只会返回当前列所在的行数据，基于行的数据 country 也返回了，因为他么你的rowkey是相同的

[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]

如果setFilterIfMissing（false），有匹配的列的值相同会返回，没有此列的 name的也会返回，，不匹配的name则不会返回。

下面红色是匹配列内容的会返回，其他的不是account：name列也会返回，， name=lisi的不会返回，因为不匹配。

[row:lisi_1495527849910],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:42963319861234561230],[time:1495556647872]
[row:lisi_1495527850111],[family:account],[qualifier:password],[value:123451231236],[time:1495556648013]
[row:lisi_1495527850114],[family:address],[qualifier:city],[value:黄埔],[time:1495556648017]
[row:lisi_1495527850136],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:shanghai],[time:1495556648041]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21],[time:1495556648045]
[row:lisi_1495527850154],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:女],[time:1495556648056]
[row:lisi_1495527850159],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:002],[time:1495556648060]
[row:wangwu_1495595824517],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:009],[time:1495624624131]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646],[time:1495556648664]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898],[time:1495636370056]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850951],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:guangdong],[time:1495556648855]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100],[time:1495556648878]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851080],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:男],[time:1495556648983]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851095],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:001],[time:1495556648996]

3 键值元数据

由于HBase 采用键值对保存内部数据，键值元数据过滤器评估一行的键 (ColumnFamily：Qualifiers) 是否存在

3.1. 基于列族过滤数据的FamilyFilter

构造函数：

FamilyFilter(CompareFilter.CompareOp familyCompareOp, ByteArrayComparable familyComparator)

代码如下：

   public static ResultScanner getDataFamilyFilter(String tableName,String family) throws IOException{
    	Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
        FamilyFilter ff = new FamilyFilter(CompareOp.EQUAL , 
        		new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes("account")));   //表中不存在account列族，过滤结果为空
//		 new BinaryPrefixComparator(value) //匹配字节数组前缀
//		 new RegexStringComparator(expr) // 正则表达式匹配
//		 new SubstringComparator(substr)// 子字符串匹配 
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        // 通过scan.addFamily(family)  也可以实现此操作
        scan.setFilter(ff);
        ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan);
    	return resultScanner;
    }

测试结果：查询的都是account列簇的内容

[row:lisi_1495527849910],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:42963319861234561230],[time:1495556647872]
[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi],[time:1495556647984]
[row:lisi_1495527850111],[family:account],[qualifier:password],[value:123451231236],[time:1495556648013]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646],[time:1495556648664]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898],[time:1495636370056]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]

3.2. 基于限定符Qualifier（列）过滤数据的QualifierFilter

构造函数：

QualifierFilter(CompareFilter.CompareOp op, ByteArrayComparable qualifierComparator)

	Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
    	QualifierFilter ff = new QualifierFilter(
                CompareOp.EQUAL , new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes("name")));
//		 new BinaryPrefixComparator(value) //匹配字节数组前缀
//		 new RegexStringComparator(expr) // 正则表达式匹配
//		 new SubstringComparator(substr)// 子字符串匹配 
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        // 通过scan.addFamily(family)  也可以实现此操作
        scan.setFilter(ff);
        ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan);

测试结果：只返回 name 的列内容

[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi],[time:1495556647984]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]

3.3. 基于列名(即Qualifier)前缀过滤数据的ColumnPrefixFilter （该功能用QualifierFilter也能实现）

构造函数：

ColumnPrefixFilter(byte[] prefix)

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
    	 ColumnPrefixFilter ff = new ColumnPrefixFilter(Bytes.toBytes("name"));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        // 通过QualifierFilter的 newBinaryPrefixComparator也可以实现
        scan.setFilter(ff);
        ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan);

返回结果：

[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi],[time:1495556647984]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]

3.4. 基于多个列名(即Qualifier)前缀过滤数据的MultipleColumnPrefixFilter

MultipleColumnPrefixFilter 和 ColumnPrefixFilter 行为差不多，但可以指定多个前缀

byte[][] prefixes = new byte[][] {Bytes.toBytes("name"), Bytes.toBytes("age")};
        //返回所有行中以name或者age打头的列的数据
        MultipleColumnPrefixFilter ff = new MultipleColumnPrefixFilter(prefixes);

        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setFilter(ff);
        ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);

结果:

[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi],[time:1495556647984]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21],[time:1495556648045]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100],[time:1495556648878]

3.5. 基于列范围过滤数据ColumnRangeFilter

构造函数：

ColumnRangeFilter(byte[] minColumn, boolean minColumnInclusive, byte[] maxColumn, boolean maxColumnInclusive)

参数解释：

minColumn - 列范围的最小值，如果为空，则没有下限；
minColumnInclusive - 列范围是否包含minColumn ；
maxColumn - 列范围最大值，如果为空，则没有上限；
maxColumnInclusive - 列范围是否包含maxColumn 。

代码：

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
    	byte[] startColumn = Bytes.toBytes("a");
        byte[] endColumn = Bytes.toBytes("d");
        //返回所有列中从a到d打头的范围的数据，
        ColumnRangeFilter ff = new ColumnRangeFilter(startColumn, true, endColumn, true);
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setFilter(ff);
        ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);

结果：返回列名开头是a 到 d的所有列数据

[row:lisi_1495527850114],[family:address],[qualifier:city],[value:黄埔],[time:1495556648017]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21],[time:1495556648045]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100],[time:1495556648878]

4. RowKey

当需要根据行键特征查找一个范围的行数据时，使用Scan的 startRow和stopRow会更高效，但是， startRow和stopRow只能匹配行键的开始字符，而不能匹配中间包含的字符：

byte[] startColumn = Bytes.toBytes("azha");

byte[] endColumn = Bytes.toBytes("dddf");

Scan scan = new Scan(startColumn,endColumn);

当需要针对行键进行更复杂的过滤时，可以使用 RowFilter：

构造函数：

RowFilter(CompareFilter.CompareOp rowCompareOp, ByteArrayComparable rowComparator)

代码：

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
    	RowFilter rf = new RowFilter(CompareOp.EQUAL , 
                new SubstringComparator("zhangsan"));
		//		 new BinaryPrefixComparator(value) //匹配字节数组前缀
		//		 new RegexStringComparator(expr) // 正则表达式匹配
		//		 new SubstringComparator(substr)// 子字符串匹配 
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setFilter(rf);
        ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);

结果：

[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646],[time:1495556648664]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898],[time:1495636370056]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850951],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:guangdong],[time:1495556648855]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100],[time:1495556648878]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851080],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:男],[time:1495556648983]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851095],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:001],[time:1495556648996]

5.PageFilter

指定页面行数，返回对应行数的结果集。

需要注意的是，该过滤器并不能保证返回的结果行数小于等于指定的页面行数，因为过滤器是分别作用到各个region server的，它只能保证当前region返回的结果行数不超过指定页面行数。

构造函数：

PageFilter(long pageSize)

代码：

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
        PageFilter pf = new PageFilter(2L);
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setFilter(pf);
        scan.setStartRow(Bytes.toBytes("zhangsan_"));
        ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);

结果：返回的结果实际上有四条，因为这数据来自不同RegionServer,

[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646],[time:1495556648664]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898],[time:1495636370056]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan],[time:1495556648729]

6.SkipFilter

根据整行中的每个列来做过滤，只要存在一列不满足条件，整行都被过滤掉。

例如，如果一行中的所有列代表的是不同物品的重量，则真实场景下这些数值都必须大于零，我们希望将那些包含任意列值为0的行都过滤掉。

在这个情况下，我们结合ValueFilter和SkipFilter共同实现该目的：

scan.setFilter(new SkipFilter(new ValueFilter(CompareOp.NOT_EQUAL, new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes(0))));

构造函数：

SkipFilter(Filter filter)

代码：

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
    	SkipFilter sf = new SkipFilter(new ValueFilter(CompareOp.NOT_EQUAL,
                new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes("zhangsan"))));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setFilter(sf);
        ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);

结果：

[row:lisi_1495527849910],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:42963319861234561230],[time:1495556647872]
[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi],[time:1495556647984]
[row:lisi_1495527850111],[family:account],[qualifier:password],[value:123451231236],[time:1495556648013]
[row:lisi_1495527850114],[family:address],[qualifier:city],[value:黄埔],[time:1495556648017]
[row:lisi_1495527850136],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:shanghai],[time:1495556648041]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21],[time:1495556648045]
[row:lisi_1495527850154],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:女],[time:1495556648056]
[row:lisi_1495527850159],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:002],[time:1495556648060]
[row:wangwu_1495595824517],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:009],[time:1495624624131]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646],[time:1495556648664]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898],[time:1495636370056]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850951],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:guangdong],[time:1495556648855]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100],[time:1495556648878]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851080],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:男],[time:1495556648983]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851095],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:001],[time:1495556648996]

和原来数据相比列值为name的 zhagnsan的所在行的 rowkey 为 zhangsan_1495527850824 在上面结果中是过滤了

[row:lisi_1495527849910],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:42963319861234561230]
[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi]
[row:lisi_1495527850111],[family:account],[qualifier:password],[value:123451231236]
[row:lisi_1495527850114],[family:address],[qualifier:city],[value:黄埔]
[row:lisi_1495527850136],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:shanghai]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21]
[row:lisi_1495527850154],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:女]
[row:lisi_1495527850159],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:002]
[row:wangwu_1495595824517],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:009]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850951],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:guangdong]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851080],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:男]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851095],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:001]

7. FirstKeyOnlyFilter

该过滤器仅仅返回每一行中的第一个cell的值，可以用于高效的执行行数统计操作。

构造函数：

public FirstKeyOnlyFilter()

代码

Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));
    	 FirstKeyOnlyFilter fkof = new FirstKeyOnlyFilter();
    	    Scan scan = new Scan();
    	    scan.setFilter(fkof);
    	    ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan);

结果：看着返回数据还没明白，仅仅返回每一行中的第一个cell的值，可以用于高效的执行行数统计操作。

[row:lisi_1495527849910],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:42963319861234561230],[time:1495556647872]
[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi],[time:1495556647984]
[row:lisi_1495527850111],[family:account],[qualifier:password],[value:123451231236],[time:1495556648013]
[row:lisi_1495527850114],[family:address],[qualifier:city],[value:黄埔],[time:1495556648017]
[row:lisi_1495527850136],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:shanghai],[time:1495556648041]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21],[time:1495556648045]
[row:lisi_1495527850154],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:女],[time:1495556648056]
[row:lisi_1495527850159],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:002],[time:1495556648060]
[row:wangwu_1495595824517],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:009],[time:1495624624131]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646],[time:1495556648664]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china],[time:1495636452285]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850951],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:guangdong],[time:1495556648855]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100],[time:1495556648878]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851080],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:男],[time:1495556648983]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851095],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:001],[time:1495556648996]

对比原数据“

[row:lisi_1495527849910],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:42963319861234561230]
[row:lisi_1495527850081],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:lisi]
[row:lisi_1495527850111],[family:account],[qualifier:password],[value:123451231236]
[row:lisi_1495527850114],[family:address],[qualifier:city],[value:黄埔]
[row:lisi_1495527850136],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:shanghai]
[row:lisi_1495527850144],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:21]
[row:lisi_1495527850154],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:女]
[row:lisi_1495527850159],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:002]
[row:wangwu_1495595824517],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:009]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:idcard],[value:9897645464646]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850759],[family:account],[qualifier:passport],[value:5689879898]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:country],[value:china]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850824],[family:account],[qualifier:name],[value:zhangsan]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850951],[family:address],[qualifier:province],[value:guangdong]
[row:zhangsan_1495527850975],[family:info],[qualifier:age],[value:100]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851080],[family:info],[qualifier:sex],[value:男]
[row:zhangsan_1495527851095],[family:userid],[qualifier:id],[value:001]

对比一下明显，rowkey相同的只会返回第一个rowkey的所在cell数据

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Hbase的Filter详解使用

参数基础有两个参数类在各类Filter中经常出现，统一介绍下：（1）比较运算符 CompareFilter.CompareOp比较运算符用于定义比较关系，可以有以下几类值供选择：EQUAL 相等GREATER 大于GREATER_OR_
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