java学习笔记--多线程

线程

进程就是运行中的程序，线程是进程执行的任务，分为单线程和多线程

1. 线程的实现方式：继承Thread类或实现Runnable接口

1.1 Thread类

A类继承Thread类，重写run（），在主线程里创建该类的对象后，调用start（）启动线程；

public class ThreadTest extends Thread{

    public ThreadTest() {
    }
    public ThreadTest(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {
            System.out.println(getName()+"-出现次数:"+i);
        }
    }
}

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
        ThreadTest one = new ThreadTest("飞机");
        ThreadTest two = new ThreadTest("火车");
        one.start();
        two.start();

    }

1.2 Runnable接口

实现步骤：

1. A类实现Runnable接口
2. A类重写run()方法
3. 在主线程创建A类对象
4. 创建Thread类对象，将A类对象当作构造方法参数传入
5. 启动线程
   

public class RunnableTest implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("我是接口线程");
    }
}

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        RunnableTest test = new RunnableTest();
        Thread two=new Thread(test);
        two.start();
    }

注：Thread.currentThread()：获取当前类线程

解析：创建了两个线程对象，one线程和two线程。两个线程启动后互相抢占CPU资源，执行run里的语句。因此，当run（）里有多条语句时，执行上是不可测的，one的语句还没执行完，two的语句就开始执行了.

2. 线程安全

2.1 同步代码块

public class SellTicket implements Runnable{
    private int tickets=100;
    private Object obj=new Object();
     @Override
     public void run() {
        while (true) {
            synchronized (obj) {
                if (tickets > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                    tickets--;
                }
            }
        }
     }
 }

2.2 同步方法

public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
     private int tickets = 100;
     private Object obj = new Object();

     @Override
     public void run() {
         while (true) {
             synchronized (this) {
                 if (tickets > 0) {
                     try {
                         Thread.sleep(100);
                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                         e.printStackTrace();
                     }
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                     tickets--;
                 }else
                     sell();
             }
         }
     }

     public synchronized void sell() {
         if (tickets > 0) {
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(100);
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
             System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
             tickets--;
         }
     }
 }

public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
     private static int tickets = 100;
     private Object obj = new Object();

     @Override
     public void run() {
         while (true) {
             synchronized (SellTicket.class) {
                 if (tickets > 0) {
                     try {
                         Thread.sleep(100);
                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                         e.printStackTrace();
                     }
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                     tickets--;
                 }else
                     sell();
             }
         }
     }

     public static synchronized void sell() {
         if (tickets > 0) {
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(100);
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
             System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
             tickets--;
         }
     }
 }

2.3 同步类

多线程环境下，使用StringBuffer，但Vector和Hashtable类一般不用，常用：Collerctions类下的方法转换线程安全的ArrayList、HashMap

        Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
        Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());

2.4 Lock锁

  @Override
  public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
     private static int tickets = 100;

     private Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();
     
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
                lock.lock();
                if (tickets > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                    tickets--;
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
 }