目录:
1.响应之返回值是String类型
2.响应之返回值是void类型
3.响应之返回值是ModelAndView类型
4.响应之使用forward和redirect进行页面跳转
5.响应json数据之过滤静态资源
6.响应json数据之发送ajax的请求
7.响应json数据之响应json格式数据
这7个知识点分布在UserController类、User类、success.jsp、response.jsp、springmvc.xml中
响应json数据之过滤静态资源需要在springmvc.xml中声明,在webapp下新建Directory为js,然后在js目录下导入jquery.min.js文 件,代码从官网上找,再在response.jsp中导入该文件,大致如图所示:
$(function() {
//执行操作
});
$(function() {}) 是$(document).ready(function()的简写。
这个函数什么时候执行的呢?
答案:DOM加载完毕之后执行。
在进行json数据封装到user对象的时候,需要导入下面这三个依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency>
response.jsp:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Administrator
Date: 2018/5/1
Time: 1:16
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
// 页面加载,绑定单击事件
$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
// alert("hello btn");
// 发送ajax请求
$.ajax({
// 编写json格式,设置属性和值
url:"user/testAjax",
contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
data:'{"username":"hehe","password":"123","age":30}',
dataType:"json",
type:"post",
success:function(data){
// data服务器端响应的json的数据,进行解析
alert(data);
alert(data.username);
alert(data.password);
alert(data.age);
}
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="user/testString" >testString</a>
<br/>
<a href="user/testVoid" >testVoid</a>
<br/>
<a href="user/testModelAndView" >testModelAndView</a>
<br/>
<a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect" >testForwardOrRedirect</a>
<br/>
<button id="btn">发送ajax的请求</button>
</body>
</html>
springmvc.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>
<!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--前端控制器,哪些静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>
User类:
package cn.itcast.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable{
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
UserController类:
package cn.itcast.controller;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
/**
* 返回String
* @param model
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testString")
public String testString(Model model){
System.out.println("testString方法执行了...");
// 模拟从数据库中查询出User对象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("美美");
user.setPassword("123");
user.setAge(30);
// model对象
model.addAttribute("user",user);
return "success";
}
/**
* 是void
* 请求转发一次请求,不用编写项目的名称
*/
@RequestMapping("/testVoid")
public void testVoid(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
System.out.println("testVoid方法执行了...");
// 编写请求转发的程序
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp").forward(request,response);
// 重定向
// response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
// 设置中文乱码
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// 直接会进行响应
response.getWriter().print("你好");
return;
}
/**
* 返回ModelAndView
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
// 创建ModelAndView对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
System.out.println("testModelAndView方法执行了...");
// 模拟从数据库中查询出User对象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("小凤");
user.setPassword("456");
user.setAge(30);
// 把user对象存储到mv对象中,也会把user对象存入到request对象
mv.addObject("user",user);
// 跳转到哪个页面
mv.setViewName("success");
return mv;
}
/**
* 使用关键字的方式进行转发或者重定向
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testForwardOrRedirect")
public String testForwardOrRedirect(){
System.out.println("testForwardOrRedirect方法执行了...");
// 请求的转发
// return "forward:/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp";
// 重定向
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
/**
* 模拟异步请求响应
*/
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
public @ResponseBody User testAjax(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("testAjax方法执行了...");
// 客户端发送ajax的请求,传的是json字符串,后端把json字符串封装到user对象中
System.out.println(user);
// 做响应,模拟查询数据库
user.setUsername("haha");
user.setAge(40);
// 做响应
return user;
}
//@RequestBody把接收到的json字符串转化为对象封装导user对象中,(反序列化)
//@ResponseBody把响应的user对象转化为json格式的对象返回到客户端(序列化)。
}
success.jsp:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Administrator
Date: 2018/5/1
Time: 1:18
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>执行成功</h3>
${user.username}
${user.password}
</body>
</html>