创建线程的五种方式
1、继承Thread类(不建议使用,Java单继承,使用此方式不灵活)
2、实现Runnable接口
3、lambda表达式
4、使用ThreadPool(池子里面已经有线程,然后直接通过池子往外拿)
5、实现Callable接口(Runnable无返回值Callable有返回值)
public class HowToCreateThread {
static class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello MyThread!");
}
}
static class MyRun implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello MyRun!");
}
}
static class MyCall implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() {
System.out.println("Hello MyCall");
return "success";
}
}
//启动线程的5种方式
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new MyThread().start();
new Thread(new MyRun()).start();
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("Hello Lambda!");
}).start();
//自己启动线程装Callable
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask<>(new MyCall());
//new Thread()只能传Runnable,就需要用一个FutureTask,在里面放一个Callable
Thread t = new Thread(task);
//线程启动
t.start();
//阻塞等待
System.out.println(task.get());
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//线程池执行Runnable接口的方法
service.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("Hello ThreadPool");
});
//线程池调用实现Callable接口的方法
Future<String> f = service.submit(new MyCall());
//Future是一个异步的概念,直接扔给线程一个任务,然后程序就可以继续往下执行了,就没必要再等着线程执行完。Future是将来拿到的一个值
String s = f.get();
//f.get()是一个阻塞的方法,等到拿到值为止才继续往下执行
System.out.println(s);
service.shutdown();
}
}
线程的六种状态
NEW:线程刚刚创建,还没有启动
RUNNABLE:可运行状态,由线程调度器可以安排执行(Ready准备好了,Running正在执行)
WAITING:等待被唤醒(进入忙等待的状态,自旋的等待)
TIMED WAITING:隔一段时间自动唤醒(参数带时间的)
BLOCKED:被阻塞,正在等待锁(进入阻塞队列)
TERMINATED:线程结束
线程状态迁移图如下:
Thread.yield()方法暂时让出CPU让线程进入Ready状态,等待下次调用。
ThreadState状态转换演示:
//为了更直观的看以下演示的代码此处封装一个sleepSeconds方法
public class SleepHelper {
public static void sleepSeconds(int seconds) {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(seconds);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void sleepMilli(int i) {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(i);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class ThreadState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//===================================================
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
//此处线程是正在执行的过程中所调用的实现了Runnable接口的匿名方法,所以此处的线程状态时RUNNABLE
System.out.println("2: " + Thread.currentThread().getState());
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(1);
System.out.print(i + " ");
}
System.out.println();
});
//此处t1刚刚new出来但是还没调用start()方法,所以此处为NEW状态
System.out.println("1: " + t1.getState());
t1.start();
t1.join();//等待t1线程结束所以最后输出为terminated
System.out.println("3: " + t1.getState());
//===================================================
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
LockSupport.park();
System.out.println("t2 go on!");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t2.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);//此处让主线程等待sleep是为了让t2线程完全启动起来,执行park()方法,所以此处的输出为WAITING
System.out.println("4: " + t2.getState());
LockSupport.unpark(t2);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);//此处确保t2是被叫醒了的,叫醒以后执行t2 go on,执行完成后t2线程执行sleep方法,所以此处的状态为TIMED_WAITING
System.out.println("5: " + t2.getState());
//===================================================
final Object o = new Object();
//t3需获得锁才能执行
Thread t3 = new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (o) {
System.out.println("t3 得到了锁 o");
}
});
new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (o) {
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(5);
}
}).start();
//确保上面带start()的线程已经被启动了,并且拿到锁
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(1);
//t3启动会一直等待之前的线程将锁释放出来,所以最后的输出为BLOCKED
t3.start();
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(1);
System.out.println("6: " + t3.getState());
//===================================================
final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t4 = new Thread(() -> {
lock.lock(); //省略try finally
System.out.println("t4 得到了锁 o");
lock.unlock();
});
new Thread(() -> {
lock.lock();
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(5);
lock.unlock();
}).start();
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(1);
t4.start();
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(1);
//t4拿不到锁一直进入忙等待的状态为WAITING
System.out.println("7: " + t4.getState());
//===================================================
Thread t5 = new Thread(() -> {
LockSupport.park();
});
t5.start();
SleepHelper.sleepSeconds(1);
//park()也是进入WAITING状态
System.out.println("8: " + t5.getState());
LockSupport.unpark(t5);
}
}
运行结果如下:
结论:只有synchronized会让线程进入到BLOCKED状态(因为经过操作系统的调度)。